[Note: All Basque words are in Italics and Bold-faced Green]
WHY DID ODYSSEUS GO? *
They laid their hands upon the lands to the very circuit of
the earth, (Contact) In order to trace the origin of the violent fighting of
around 1,200 bce. (see Sea Peoples), it is
necessary to look at the early development of the people and the two
religions, which were at odds, starting with the time that the Sahara had
turned into a desert and became unlivable (see Climate). The height of glaciation’s came about
16,000 bce. At that time, the world's oceans had been lowered over 100 meters
because much of the earth’s water was stored in glaciers on the continents.
At first, the melting of the huge continental glaciers was slow. However, by
10,000 bce.,the retreat of the glaciers from the mountain ranges of Europe
had created significant changes in continental air circulation, which caused
the Sahara to change from a lush grazing area into an ever-expanding desert.
The many tribes which had lived there for millennia, had to flee the
encroaching desert, taking their cattle with them. Migration did not take
place haphazardly.. When the decision had been made to move, an entire tribe
migrated together and embarked for transportation. They reunited at their
landing site in Europe before moving on to their new region. No one was left
behind, except for the Sea Peoples tribes themselves who had to maintain the
contact between their original homeland and the colonies established by them.
This north African heritage is still very noticeable in Ireland, as described
so eloquently by Bob Bob Quinn in his book
"The Atlantean, Ireland's North African Heritage". Most of the migrating tribes had fled the drought by
going north to Europe, a name from Basque eur-opa, euri (rain) opa (longing for)
means "Longing for rain". The two major groups of Sea Peoples of
North Africa, the Berbers from Morocco and Algiers, and the Shardana from Cyrenaica
and the Black Sea, ferried these migrating tribes across the Mediterranean
north to Europe and the Balkan via the Black Sea. The Atlantic coast of
Europe had been colonized earlier by the dark-haired Rh-negative Berber
tribes from Morocco, who had established population centers in the Bay of
Biscay, western Ireland, the Hebrides of Scotland, on many of the Norwegian
islands, the southern tip of Sweden and as far north as Arctic Norway. These sea migrants brought along the three pillars of
their civilization: 1) absolute faith in re-incarnation and their Great
Goddess, 2) a highly disciplined system of oral education and 3) their
ancient and well-developed Saharan language.
Edo Nyland has referred to their belief as a way of life, because
there was no separation between the secular and the faith. A religion, by
definition, is based on revelation such as found in Christianity, Judaism and
Islam, which the Goddess' way of life was not. Studies of contemporary
primitive societies have provided insights into the social structure of this
population. It was based on the
tribal, or extended family, system. The family unit as we know it today with
father, mother and children, did not exist.
The unit was the tribe and children born into the tribe were the
responsibility of every adult. It took the whole community to raise a child.
This was a matrilineal organized society and the paternity of a child, or its
birth date for that matter, was not important. The tribal council controlled
the land surrounding the village, which was administered democratically by a
council of elders headed by the Amona, the head of the matrilineal organized tribe.
It lacked the centralized and autocratic structure of the later patriarchy
where one man dominated. The title Amona was abbreviated to Mona and
‘”M”, followed by the name of the tribe such as in M'Uhin, now spelled M'Ewen
or McEwen (uhin means waves: the tribe of the
navigators. Even today the family names in Morocco are often spelled with M'.
There are still families in Scotland and Ireland that refused to
accept the patriarchal Mac and have retained the M', such as in M'Gonigle. The first traces of dissent in the age-old Goddess
civilization were noted around 4,000 bce.according to archaeologist Marija
Gimbutas, somewhere in Anatolia or Southern Russia. It happened at about the same
time as the invention of metalworking, the domestication of horse and camel,
large scale agriculture and the first population pressures. It is likely that
all these conditions contributed to the upcoming breakdown. The Goddess
civilization had been developed among the herding and fishing tribes in which
the men were away from home for very long periods. This left the women in charge of the home front. As long as the
men's work was away from home and contact was maintained with the religious
center, the Goddess religion was unchallenged . After exodus from the Sahara, contact between the
tribes was maintained by boat and the culture was centrally nurtured from
Malta. The problems arose with those tribes that had no sailing and navigation
traditions and were located in regions far away from the sea. They had no regular contact with the
center on Malta. Those who had settled in the Fertile Crescent of
Mesopotamia, in Anatolia and in southern Russia, developed large-scale
agriculture that kept the men near to home, and they gradually assumed a more
prominent role in the tribe. Those agricultural areas appear to have been the
first places where young men refused to volunteer for sacrifice, after
participation in the Sacred Marriage. They had tasted the exaltation of
temporary kingship wearing the purple robe that denoted semi-deity status. In
prosperous and happy times, there had been no need for a homegrown human
sacrifice. Therefore, it began to be
play-acted or a prisoner was substituted. This prolonged a young prince's
exalted position as the bridge between the deity and the people and he became
accustomed to a very pleasing existence. When difficult times arose and a
sacrifice became necessary, why should he be eager to give all that up in
exchange for hypothetical re-incarnation in a newborn body? The earliest
written evidence we have of this refusal is found in the Gilgamesh Epic of about 2,700 bce., part of which describes Gilgamesh's
search for the elixir of eternal life. In the following quote from N. K.
Sandar's translation of "The Epic of Gilgamesh" Gilgamesh
expresses his doubts about the truth of reincarnation. We also see that, so
very early in history, the Chief Priestess was already placed under
supervision of a sky-god, whom she calls father, and the Sacred Marriage is
ridiculed: Come to me Gilgamesh, and be my
bridegroom; grant me seed of your body, let me be your bride and you shall be
my husband. Kings, rulers and princes will bow down before you; they shall
bring you tribute from the mountains and the plain. Gilgamesh answered
“Glorious Ishtar, If I take you in marriage, what gifts can I give in return?
What ointment and clothing for your body? I would gladly give you bread and
all sorts of food fit for a god. I would give you wine to drink fit for a
queen, but as for making you my wife - that I will not. Your lovers have
found you like a brazier which smolders in the cold, a backdoor which keeps
out neither squall of wind nor storm, a castle which crushes the garrison,
pitch that blackens the bearer, a battering ram turned back from the enemy.
Which of your lovers did you ever love for ever? Listen to me while I tell
the tale of your lovers. There was (1)Tammuz, the lover of your youth, for
him you decreed wailing, year after year. (2) You loved the many colored
roller (?) but still you struck and broke his wing; now in the grove he sits
and cries "kappi, kappi, my wing, my wing". (3) You have loved the
lion, tremendous in strength: seven pits you dug for him, and seven. (4) You
have loved the stallion magnificent in battle, and for him you decreed whip
and spur and a thong, to gallop seven leagues by force and to muddy the water
before he drinks. (5) You have loved the shepherd of the flock; he made
meal-cake for you day after day, he killed kids for your sake. You struck and
turned him into a wolf; now his own herd-boys chase him away, his own dogs
worry his flanks. (6) And did you not love Ishullanu, the gardener of your
father's palm grove? He brought you baskets filled with dates without end;
every day he loaded your table. Then you turned your eyes on him and said
"Dear Ishullanu, come here to me, let us enjoy your manhood, come
forward and take me, I am yours". Ishullanu answered: "What are you
asking from me? Why should I come to such as you for food that is tainted and
rotten?" (Gilgamesh then continues:) "But when you heard his answer
he was changed into a blind mole, deep in the earth, one whose desire is
always beyond his reach". "And if you and I should be lovers,
should not I be served in the same fashion as all these others whom you loved
once?". When Ishtar heard this she fell into a bitter rage, she went up
to high heaven. Her tears poured out in front of her father Anu and Antum,
her mother. "My father, Gilgamesh has heaped insults on me, he has told
over all my abominable behaviour, my foul and hideous acts" etc. etc. Obviously the Goddess' way of life
had collapsed in Mesopotamia and patriarchy had taken over, although the
priestesses were still very noticeable. It would be many centuries in the
future before a philosophy would be developed which was able to organize and
execute a devastating and almost successful attack on literally all aspects
of the Goddess and replace the monolithic structure of the Goddess religion
by installing a male dominated form of polytheism. One of the unnatural changes,
which took place, is clearly expressed in the Gilgamesh Epic when King Gilgamesh
insists on being the first to sleep with every new bride, before the
bridegroom is allowed to. Gilgamesh was portrayed as a physically very strong
individual who also happened to be king with all authority associated with
that position. No one had been able to stop him until Enkidu blocked his way:
"The
bride waited for the bridegroom, but in the night Gilgamesh got up and came
to this house. Then Enkidu stepped out, he stood in the street and blocked the
way. Mighty Gilgamesh came on and Enkidu met him at the gate. He put out his
foot and prevented Gilgamesh from entering the house, so they grappled,
holding each other like bulls. They broke doorposts and the walls shook, they
snorted like bulls locked together. Gilgamesh bent his knee with his foot
planted on the ground and with a turn Enkidu was thrown. Then immediately his
fury died" (P. 69). This is a typical example of how
the new male dominated religion was corrupting the caring and respectful
traditions of the past. There is little doubt that this is exactly what
happened. Enkidu belonged to the old religion that cared for the earth and
all that lived on it, while Gilgamesh represented the new selfish attitude,
there was no middle way because the inversion of the basics laws of behaviour
had been total. This was one of the many reasons why so many young men from
Atlantic Europe volunteered to fight the new order to restore justice and
normality, not unlike what happened during World War I and II, the wars
fought to end all wars. The ancient traditions of the Goddess had obviously
been badly perverted already at this early date. This is clearly expressed in
a quote by Frymer Kenski in "In the Wake of the Goddesses": "The dynasty of Kish
was founded by Enmebaragesi,
a contemporary of Gilgamesh, who it now appears may have been a woman" (p.
79) The name Enmebaragesi tells a story: en. - .me - eba - ara - age - esi This lady
was no queen, and she did not found a dynasty, but she may have been a
priestess. Her "name" tells us in no uncertain terms that the time
of the Goddess was over, for ever. A
VARIETY PACK OF DEITIES EMERGES With the breakdown of the old order, the Great Goddess
of our ancestors was fractured into a plethora of more or less significant
goddesses, some of which were given sex changes, others became warriors or
witches, most were married off to the new sky-gods and god-kings and placed
in subservient positions. Human characters and weaknesses of all sorts were
assigned to recently invented gods and goddesses, from alcoholism to cruelty,
cheating, brawling, weirdness etc. Several fearsome gods were associated with
lightning and thunder, gods who walked and rode horses on the clouds and
whose swords and spears were lightning bolts. This now being the age of
writing, many were well documented by the new clergy among the Hittites,
Egyptians, Sumerians, Greeks and Romans.. For all their temporary prominence,
the newly created pantheon left no impression upon the population that had
been unable to forget the loving Goddess of the past. In fact the new
polytheistic mythology existed only in writing, having been invented by the
patriarchal clergy who wanted to destroy the ancient Goddess mythology. and
way of life. When the new monotheistic religion became established,
reportedly by Moses, it had no trouble disposing of the godly weirdoes. Even to this day it has not succeeded in
eliminating the ancestral Goddess from any of the "converted, or
evangelized" populations, not even from the Jews themselves, many of
whom still revere their Shekina,
and many Roman Catholics pray to Mary. It was the Luvian priesthood in Kizzuwadna which had
the original idea of turning all the attributes of the Goddess' faith inside
out, creating a negative image of the old religion, in their switch to
patriarchy. They then decided to accept this negative image of the ancient
gylanic faith as their own male-controlled polytheistic religion. In doing so
they changed the attractive holistic character of the old faith into dualism,
which meant the introduction of confrontation and discord into all aspects of
life. The foundation was thus laid for the well-organized and aggressive
woman-despising, proto-Judaic religion. Where this happened is not yet clear,
but it was probably in Nerik,
an important Luvian cult-town in the Hittite province of Kizzuwadna,
Anatolia. The priesthood's library of clay tablets has apparently been found
in Nerik, but Edo Nyland has not been able to learn anything about the find.
When the tablets are published we may know more. Who the Luvian priests were
that decided to invert every aspect of the ancient faith, is not yet known, but
the process they set in motion is still with us today. Their main goal is
expressed in the word "armageddon", ar.-.ma-age-ed.-.do-on.: Armageddon:
It ordered a many-pronged
attack on the established order. With the goal of destruction of the Goddess
religion in mind, the leadership of the new male religion drew up a task
list. It was decided to work towards:
The decision to create a variety
of new languages and scripts required highly educated scholars and schools in
which to train them. Linguistics became the first academic subject to be developed
and taught in institutions that later evolved into our universities, a
tradition that began about 2,000 bce. Confused remnants of this once great
discipline of linguistics are still being taught in our universities today,
but the ancient science has been forgotten. Inventing a new language when
there is only one existing and no example is available to go by, may sound
like an impossible task. A new and practical language did not come out of
thin air or a dream. Fortunately for the Luvian priests, the ancient language
was extremely logical and well organized.
It probably had having been the product of much earlier linguists who
had made up groups of word- and thought-associations. They had assigned each
such group of words a basic root syllable, made up of vowel-consonant-vowel
(VCV), such as: aba: priest, rectory, advantage,
surpass, shade This language structure allowed plenty of opportunity
for manipulation. Any associated information could be attached or
agglutinated to the first syllable. Methods were slowly developed which could
convert and mutilate the language in such a manner that the final product was
not recognizable as related to Saharan, but had its own rules of grammar and
structure. The first step in this direction was the complete reversal of the
periphrastic word order of Saharan; samples borrowed from Aulestia (p. a30): negation+auxiliary
verb+complements+ main verb The genius who invented this reversal of the ancient
periphrastic word order created the basic structure of the "family of
Indo-European languages", something none of our modern linguists have been
able to fathom, so far. The highly professional Luvian priests thus laid the
foundation for a large number of invented languages and language families
that looked like they were genetically related but were instead artificial. That the established Neolithic order was deliberately
turned topsy-turvy is shown in the meaning of many important words, which
were reversed such as: woman to man: andre (woman) which became andros (male) but in reality was an
abbreviation of andrezale (fond of
woman). This is the reason Edo Nyland will not support the use of the word
"androcratic", supposedly meaning "male-dominated". black to white: the Saharan word u'it / u'itsu (tar) was used to make the Dutch word
"wit", English "white", German "weiss".
hot to cold:
kalda (heat) became
"kalt" in German, "cold" in English. (In Latin
"caldus" still means "hot".) cold to hot: hotz (cold) became "hot" in
English, "heiss" in German. friend to foe: the Bible tells us that
a "host" is an enemy, armed might; this agrees with Basque hostu/ohostu (to rob, to pillage). Yet "host
and hospitable" are now words for "friend" in English. good to bad: the highly respected male
clergy of the Goddess was called Abade (Priest). By
removing the two outer vowels, our English word "bad" was created.
This game of word distortion and meaning reversal was carried on during the
next four millennia in all invented languages. A word such as ashera, from ashola-era (care-ing) was
used to create our English word "ash", because "ashera"
was also the name of the tree planted beside the Goddess' altar and the Bible
had ordered the tree to be burned to ashes. (Deut. 12:3 and 2 Kings 23:15;
asherim is plural). Archaeologist Dr. Marija Gimbutas in her book "The Civilization of the Goddess"
(p.396) came to a somewhat different conclusion. She believed strongly in the
existence of the Indo-Europeans. The Indo-European society she said, was
warlike, exogamic, patriarchal, patrilineal and patrilocal, with a strong
clannish organization and social hierarchy which gave prominence to the
warrior class. Their main gods were male and usually depicted as warriors.
There is no possibility that this pattern of social organization could have
evolved out of the Old European matrilineal, matricentric and endogamic
balanced society. Therefore the appearance of the Indo-Europeans in Europe
represents a collision of two ideologies, not an evolution. Edo Nyland took this train of thought one
step further by suggesting that this collision between ideologies was the
result of planned religious chicanery. He could not agree with Gimbutas that
Indo-Europeans were involved in this, because in my opinion the Indo-European
theory is a fallacy. ALL THESE MAJOR CHANGES OCCURRED WHEN MALE DOMINATION ARRIVED The early religion and civilization had been a holistic
one. Male and female had complemented each other in mutual respect and a
well-balanced division of labour and responsibilities. The women ruled the home base while the
men ruled anything outside that, including fishing, exploration, big game
hunting etc. The coming of male domination, which demanded to control all,
meant that this former desirable state of affairs was turned topsy-turvy into
dualistic confrontation between the sexes. The newly indoctrinated males also
wanted to be shown the respect formerly accorded the woman, to dominate her
and use and control her at will. The priests wanted to make sure that
paternity was always known, and that never again would the children and the
children's inheritance be handled through the female line. The result was
that married life for many women became hell on earth. The German word for
wife, "Frau" expresses this mentality well; it was coined from
fa-arau, afa (happy) arau (discipline), "happy
under discipline" and the Prussians' insecurity made sure that
this discipline was enforced. Here follow some more changes that were brought
about by the reversal of the Goddess' attributes. FROM:
TO:
WHY DID ODYSSEUS GO? The advance of patriarchy with its insistence on gathering
riches and making and using weapons of destruction, as well as its
selfishness, had removed the people from living natural lives in a healthy
world. First they were part of, and inseparable from creation, but now the
new definition of the word "creation" tells us that
nature's wealth had been turned over to a select group of people:
.k.-.re-ati-on.; .k. oke okergabe pristine "Pristine gift to the blessed
faithful". All the peoples in Europe knew that all this was going on and did not like what they heard and what the travellers saw, especially in the eastern Mediterranean. The ancient status quo was forcibly being overthrown and they recognized the warning sign. Something had to be done to stop the epidemic from coming any closer, and they did it the best way they could. That's why Odysseus and his men sailed to the Eastern Mediterranean and into a huge tragedy; described in The Sea Peoples. |
==========================================
For further detail, please
refer to:
Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: AnIntroduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada.
ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p. [
see abstract & summary]
Nyland, Edo. 2002.
Odysseus and the Sea Peoples: A
Bronze Age History of Scotland Trafford Publ., Victoria,
B.C., Canada. 307 p.
[see abstract & summary].
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