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BIOLOGICAL -INTEGRATED PEST CONTROL
& INSECT IDENTIFICATION 1
(Contacts)
The
Biological and Integrated Control of Pest Arthropods, Weeds and Vertebrates
Emphasizing the Classical
Approach by the Use of Imported Natural Enemies
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GENERAL
INDEX Database List Major Categories Biological Control Topics [Other Web
Sites]
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BEHAVIOR, ONTOGENY & REPRODUCTION |
PRINCIPAL
NATURAL ENEMY GROUPS |
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GLOSSARY
(Scientific Terms) Pictures of Beneficial
Species
REFERENCES: POOLED REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHIES GENERAL REFERENCES MAP Links
Introductory Biological Control
PREFACE Biological control as a discipline
had its significant beginnings in the 19th Century and continues to grow in
scope and achievements. The
importance of natural enemy components in effective agroecosystem management is increasingly recognized. This first organization of a textbook
focuses on natural enemies to provide a sound foundation for those pursuing
biological and integrated control professionally, particularly with emphasis
on those aspects which have yielded the greatest number of control
successes: the acquisition, culture,
establishment and manipulation of new natural enemy species: Classical
Biological Control. Text accompanying each section is
paraphrased from cited references. No
claim is made that the bibliography associated with each subject is complete;
citations are not meant to include all
material published on a particular subject;
however, cross-referencing should access over 95% of the known
literature. Early literature is also
stressed because the natural enemies and techniques developed offer viable
pest control strategies in the wake of the eclipse on biological control
wrought by several decades of broad-spectrum pesticide deployment and
diversion to genetic manipulation.
Research on host or prey organisms that is pertinent to a fuller
understanding of natural enemies and their culture is included. Scientific names are temporarily those
used in cited references, while an up-dating effort is still in
progress. A great quantity of
material has been compiled in this work, and its wide scope should meet the
needs of the most exacting practitioner.
The categories selected for this First Edition may be changed in
succeeding editions, and pertinent references for each category will be
included as they are found in the literature. Ideas expressed herein that are attributable to cited
authors shall be noted as such and duly credited to them. The General Index will serve to
link the various categories. For additions and corrections to this database please
contact the following for consideration e.legner@ucr.edu The
following researchers, who through the middle of the 20th Century untiringly
inspired the goals of biological control and made significant original
contributions to a solid foundation for this field, are gratefully
acknowledged: Professors D. P.
Annecke, A. P. Arthur, R. R. Askew, B. R. Bartlett, E. C. Bay, B. P. Beirne,
F. D. Bennett, E. Biliotti, F. S. Bodenheimer, D. W. Clancy, C. P. Clausen, H. Compere, H. C. Coppel, P. H. DeBach, E.
I. Dietrich, R. L. Doutt, S. E. Flanders, C. A. Fleschner, J. M. Franz, M. A.
Ghani, A. T. Gukasjan, D. J. Greathead, K. S. Hagen, I. M. Hall, D. E. Hardy,
I. Harpaz, P. Harris, A. M. Heimpel, I. Hodek, J. K. Holloway, C. P. Hoyt, C.
B. Huffaker, B. Hurpin, A. Jimenez-Jimenez, E. F. Knipling, A. Krieg, M.
Laird, J. J. Lipa, E. Mellini, P. S. Messenger, M. H. Muma, E. S. Narayanan,
A. J. Nicholson, P. Nuorteva, D. Pimentel, V. P. Rao, E. Rivnay, D. Rosen, G.
Salt, E. I. Schlinger, F. Silvestri, F. J. Simmonds, H. W. Simmonds, W. A.
Smirnoff, H. S. Smith, M. E. Solomon, P. Starý, E. A. Steinhaus, E. Swirski,
M. D. Tadi…, M. Tanaka, T. H.
C. Taylor, N. A. Telenga, C. Vago, R. van den Bosch, G. Viggiani, G. A.
Viktorov, D. F. Waterhouse, J. Weiser, S. K. Wiackowski, F. Wilson, G. N.
Wolcott, B. J. Wood, J. B. Woolley,
and K. Yasumatsu. Further acknowledgment and appreciation are made to
Professors M. T. AliNiazee, L. Andrés, R. C. Axtell, R. Baronowski, T. S.
Bellows, D. M. Benjamin, J. S.
Bernal, L. E. Caltagirone, K. P. Carl, D. A. Chant, L. D. Charlet, A. Chiri,
B. A. Croft, D. L. Davis, J. J. Drea, A. T. Drooz, A. El-Heneidy, L. E.
Ehler, F. M. Eskafi, K. Fabritius, B. A. Federici, T. W. Fisher, D. C. Force,
B. Freier, S. Frommer, R. Garcia, C. Geden, D. Gerling, U. Gerson, R. D.
Goeden, D. Gonzalez, G. Gordh, S. Gothilf, R. R. Granados, P. D. Greany, S. A. Hassan, B. A. Hawkins, D. H. Headrick, Y. Hirose, M. M. T. Hokkanen, M.
A. Hoy, J. Huber, C. M. Ignoffo, M. W. Johnson, H. Kajita, R. Klunker, M.
Kogan, J. Lasalle, L. M. LeBeck, S. Long, R. F. Luck, J. C. Luhman, M. Mackauer, C. W. McCoy, J.
A. McMurtry, J. W. Mertins, P. B. Morgan, B. A. Mullens, Y. Murakami, S.
Nagarkatti, E. R. Oatman, R. S. Patterson, W.
Peet, J. J. Petersen, R. L. Pienkowski, D. Pimentel, G. O. Poinar, Jr., H.
Pschorn-Walcher, H. T. Reynolds, R. Ripa.-Schaul, D. A. Rutz, R. B. Ryan, M.
F. Schuster, H. H. Shorey, A. Silveira-Guido, R. Stouthamer, S. N. Thompson,
P. H. Timberlake, T. Tretiakova, S.
V. Trjapitzin, M. Tyndale-Biscoe, T.
R. Unruh, J. C. van Lenteren, R. L., Ridgway, J., Ridsdill-Smith, S. B.
Vinson, M. Wallace, L. Walters, R. M. Weseloh, G. Wylie, M. Wysoki, H. S. Yu,
and G. Zinna for their encouragement and counsel. The assistance of the Beneficial Insectary & Rincon-Vitova
Insectary was also vital in the acquisition and storage of data. In particular, the encouragement of
Everett Dietrick, Sinthya Penn and Glenn Scriven
was crucial. Max Badgley created many
of the photographic illustrations. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SPECIFICATIONS
Files were created
in Microsoft Word 2000. Italics are
represented in underlined or true italics format. Non-English references are given in English whenever possible,
or in French, German,
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, each with characteristic letters and
accents. The Czech alphabet, because
of its phonetic quality, is used to cite references in Slavic languages. This database is progressively corrected, updated, distributed free of
charge; and should not be reviewed, abstracted or quoted without agreement of
the cited authors and or publishers. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PURPOSE OF WEBSITE
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