[Note: All Basque words are in Italics and Bold-faced Green]
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT IN SAMARIA *
A review derived from the following: Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: AnIntroduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada. ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p.
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An ancient language form that
originated in the North African area of our most ancient civilizations has
been studied by Nyland (2001). He found that
many words used to describe names of places and things in the area of Samaria
seem to be closely related to the ancient language, which he called Saharan. It appears that the Basque
Language is a close relative to the original Saharan, and the Igbo Language of West Africa predated
most languages Following is a
discussion of this relationship:
The first change
made by the men, who were now in charge of the tribe, was to dispose of the
annual voluntary sacrifice of a special young man (Tammuz), which had been
felt essential to bring back the summer and nature's productivity. He had
experienced the exalted position of king, a bridge between the deity and the
people, wearing the purple robe for six months after participating in the
Sacred Marriage around May 1, and was supposed to have gone to his death on
November 1 but refused, as was so well documented in the Gilgamesh epic. The end
of female leadership can be deducted from the following quote in "In the
Wake of the Goddesses" by Frymer-Kenski: "The
dynasty of Kish was founded by Enmebaragesi, a contemporary of Gilgamesh, who
it now appears may have been a woman" (p. 79) The
"name" Enmebaragesi" tells us a story. When
separating this "name" into its VCV components it becomes
immediately clear that in this Samerian "name" we are dealing with
a scholarly manipulated statement in the Saharan/Basque language: en. - .me - eba - ara
- age - esi The 'harvest
female' mentioned was no queen, and she did not found a dynasty, but she likely
was a priestess associated with agriculture, a real historical person. Her
"name" tells us in no uncertain terms that the time of the Goddess
was on the decline, because male domination had arrived. With this change in
society and abundant agricultural production came an astonishing outburst of
scholarly inventiveness. Some educated people were now able to devote their
lives to pursuits other than survival. They decided that the time had come to
disband the tribal system and to create city states and nations. The old,
highly evolved, language of Africa was considered too closely associated with
the Goddess society and had to be changed, as is clearly shown in the
creation of new languages such as Samerian and Akkadian. Somewhere in West Africa the center of
the first civilization on earth had developed and all people were taught the
same highly developed language which Nyland later calls Saharan. Those migrants who
subsequently settled in the Fertile Crescent, Anatolia, the Ukraine and the
Indus valley therefore all spoke the same Saharan Language, which
evolved from the more ancient Igbo
Language: "Now the whole world spoke one language (Genesis
11:1)". In the areas where male domination had taken hold
priest/scholars were assigned to develop new languages that had no likeness
to the original. The people settling in the Indus valley taught the Saharan
language to the endemic population which today is spoken in the little
manipulated Dravidian family of languages (see Lahovary). The
first efforts of manipulating the foundation language were probably made in Sameria
and at first were quite unorganized, some using the original Saharan
vowel-interlocking agglutination formula while others just put original words
together, or combinations of both systems. Examples of vowel-agglutination
are the new words invented for king shown
here in several extinct near-eastern languages: Lugal (Samerian)
Sharru (Akkadian) Hasshu (Hittite) Ereli (Urartaean) Ivri (Hurrian)
An example of assembling parts of Saharan words into new words and
names without the VCV formula is: Nunbarsegunu, (an
alternate name for the Goddess Nisaba, mother of Ninlil): nun ' bar
' segunu From these and
following translations Nyland (2001)
shows that both Samerian and Akkadian words and names are assembled by scholarly
manipulation from Saharan/Basque vocabulary. The modern Basque-English
dictionary by Gorka Aulestia is still perfectly suitable to translate these
ca 4,800 year old names and words. This means that the modern Basque
language has changed very little since that time. Other vowel-interlocking
name are: Sumer, which tells of the peoples' arrival in
Mesopotamia: su - ume - er. Akkadia, the nation of
builders: ak. - ka - adi - ia
School children
are taught that Mesopotamia is 1) a Greek word and 2) that
it means "land between the rivers". Both statements are obviously incorrect: .me - eso - opo - ota
- ami - i.a In the flat land
the two rivers are usually sluggish but in the mountains both are wild. The
name Mesopotamia is agglutinated from pure Saharan/Basque vocabulary, not
Greek. The proper pronunciation of Mesopotamia has to be Mesopotamian
because eso (advice) makes no sense in the description, exo does. Two large rivers
dominate Mesopotamia, the Euphrates and the Tigris, the pre-historic names of
which are reported to have been Buranun and Idiglat.
Both names are obviously made up out of Saharan/Basque: Idiglat (Tigris) Buranun (Euphrates) When male
domination arrived new languages were created and all geographical features
renamed, but the new names carry the same message as the old ones: Euphrates eu - uf. - .ra - ate -
es. Tigris: .ti - ig. - .ri - is. Notations on
stone, bone and clay have been known from as far back as 16,000 bce.,
according to Marija Gimbutas in "The
Language of the Goddess".
The Igbo of southern Nigeria are known to have written texts on sticks
and clay vessels (See: Acholonu), but most writing did not come into
being until the clay tablets were written in the City of Uruk some time
before 3000 bce. in a pictographic script. This script evolved into the
extremely durable cuneiform script by 2,800 bce.., which was used on clay for
nearly 3,000 years. The first translation efforts were made around 1850 but
no real progress occurred until 1923 when the first Samerian grammar
appeared. In the intervening period, masses of clay tablets had been found
and distributed to museums around the world. Many were treated as curiosities,
carelessly dug up, stored without protection and often separated from the
ones they were found with and even knocked in half to bring in more money.
Much effort has now gone into reading them, but there still remains a massive
amount to be done. In the meantime, the political uncertainties in Iraq have
seen to it that excavation was effectively stopped. Whole libraries are thought to await discovery, to be brought
to light by the next generations of students. A Goddess is given credit for
the invention of writing:
ni - isa ' ba Samerian is
closely tied in with the Akkadian language, which is supposed to be a Semitic
language. Akkadian myths were told in Samerian, Hittite, Hurrian and
Akkadian. Samerian words have few, or no, vowels, but Akkadian words have
vowels. The Akkadian writers appear to have considered Samerian to be a
classical language, similar to our academics using Latin. People in positions
of command had their names designed in Samerian, such as King Sargon: .sa - ar. - .go - on.
Nin'Hursag was known as the Mountain Lady, Lady of
the Foot-hills, Ninmah the Supreme Lady, Mother of all Children, Mistress of
the Gods etc. The name Hursag is traditionally translated as
either 'foothills' or 'mountains', however, although she had something
important to do in the hilly country beyond the valley, this was not the
translation. In order to supply the people in the valley with an adequate and
reliable, potable water supply, an astonishing 80 km conduit was built from
lakes existing in the eastern hills, much of it a tunnel, deep underground,
cut through living rock. It still functions to this day, as planned so long
ago. The translation of her name tells us what she did:
.ni - in. ' .hu - ur.
- .sa - ag. THE NAMES OF THE MAN WHO BUILT THE ARK Stephany Dalley,
in her "Myths from Mesopotamia" (p. 2) provides us with seven
different names for the man who survived the great flood by building a boat. The
Samerian name is thought to be the oldest:
Ziusudra: .zi - i.u - usu - ud.
- .ra Atrahasis (Akkadian): atra - aha - asi - is. Utnapishtim,
the wise priest of Shuruppak, mentioned in the Gilgamesh Epic (ca 2700 B.C.).
This name is also thought to be Akkadian, however, the translation of his
name appears to have nothing to do with the big flood or the ark. However,
what Ms. Dalley thought to be his hologram: Ud.Zi could very
well refer to the flood: udi-izi, udikan-izi (go away - it's frightening).
ut. ' na '
pish ' ti ' im. Shuruppak: xu - uru - up. - .pa -
ak. Xisuthros (Babylonian):
k. - .zi - isu - ut. -
.h. - .ro - os. Noah, (Palestinian): Of the above
seven names for the boatman who survived the flood, listed by Stephany
Dalley, Utnapishtim and Shuruppak do not appear to belong in the story
of the Ark. Atrahasis, Ziusudra, Noah, Kzisuthros and even UdZi qualify as
authentic flood names. A first
millennium lamentation which refers to the flood is the "Uruamirabi
Congregational Lament". (Mark Cohen in "The Canonical Lamentations
of Ancient Mesopotamia" Potomac Md, 1988.) uru - uha - ami - ira
- abi A RANDOM SELECTION
OF SAMERIAN AND AKKADIAN
NAMES Ama'ushumgalanna,
supposedly the name by which the Priestess called the king who was her
partner in the Sacred Marriage feast (Frymer-Kenski p.59). More likely it is
the traditional cry uttered by the Priestess at the start of the sexual
union: ama ' ushu - ume - galan
- na Ammisaduqa (king of Babylon): am. - .mi - isa - adu
- uka Anduruna (home of the gods),
andu - uruna andu - urunna Aruru (mother goddess): aru - uru Assurbanipal
(king of Assyria who succeeded king Esarhaddon and then extended the Assyrian
empire to reach from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean and the Caucasus): as. - .su - ur. - .ba
- ani - ipa - al. Astarte (one of the three
prominent goddesses of Ugarit): asta - arte Badtibira (early city, rival
of Uruk?, hardly): bad ' ti ' bira Enheduanna, (daughter of Sargon): en. - .he - edu - u.a
- ana Enki (god of pro-creation): en. - .ki Geshtinanna
(goddess who sang laments for the return of her brother Dumuzi
(Tammuz) from the underworld: gestina - ana Gudea (king of Lagash, ca
2200 B.C.): gud. ' ea Hammurabi (early Babylonian
king and law-giver): ham. ' mu. - ura
- abi Kazallu (early city?): kaz ' alu
Lugal'raggesi, (king of Umma who laid siege to the
city of Lagash and destroyed it". The following translation is obviously
not his real name, but instead was written by one of his victims.) .lu - uga - al. ' .za - ag. - .ge - esi Meskiaggasir (possibly the first king of Uruk): .me - es. - .ki-
ag.-.ga - asi - ir. Urukagina (king of Lagash who
protected his citizens from bureaucratic injustice.) uru - uka - agi - ina Zabalam (early city): zabal - am. Zulummar (goddess who dug the
clay for Enlil to create humanity): .zu - ulu - um. - .ma
- ar.
It is astonishing to me that the Neolithic language of the Sahara has
survived the millennia almost intact, while virtually all of the later
languages, derived from the Saharan substratum, were greatly altered
over time or by design, or have not survived the test of time. The fact that
the very early Saharan Language is still
spoken in almost the same condition by the Basque people must have a very
special reason behind it, possibly something to do with the incredibly
accurate oral transmission of the legends and literature, which required a
very high standard of education. Another reason may be that the vowels are
extremely stable in Basque, while the consonants are stable in Indo-European
and the vowels very unstable (e.g. sing - sang - sung), which may well have
been done on purpose in the 'turning around' process. The
migrating peoples from the Sahara appear to have created the high
civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the Indus valley. Several
archaeologists working in Sameria commented on the fact that the Samerian and
Akkadian civilizations appeared to have no primitive base locally i.e. the
people arrived there from elsewhere with all the knowledge of how to build
such a civilization. They therefore must themselves have experienced this
civilization in their place of origin, probably in southern Nigeria, and
later northward where extensive irrigation canal systems have been spotted
(NASA photography) and standing stones are still prominent. The Saharan Language,
that is now known to have its origins in the more ancient Igbo Language of Nigeria,
is clearly detectable in all four early civilizations, as is shown above
for Sumer and Akkad and in the following:
Old Egyptian, Hebrew, Sanskrit and Dravidian. |