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[Note: All Basque words are in Italics and Bold-faced Green]
SAHARAN LANGUAGE *
A review derived from the following: Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: AnIntroduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada. ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p. ----Please CLICK on underlined categories for detail
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An ancient "Saharan Language",
which was preceded many thousands of years by the Igbo Language of West Africa, is believed to
have been used by linguists to invent "Indo-European" and Semitic
languages, including Ainu, Dutch, Egyptian, Engish, Eskimo, German, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, Sanskrit, Slavic group,
Spanish, Yiddish, etc.
(Nyland 2001). T This was done with the use of different
formulaic manipulations of the Saharan vocabulary, creating largely invented (non-genetic) language
"families". Nyland has now
proposed several hypotheses and a theory on the origin of these languages
(see Theory).
However, recent studies by Catherine
Acholonu of Nigeria have revealed a precursor to "Saharan"
that was developed in very ancient times by the Igbo people of West
Africa. In Genesis 11:1 this language
is said to be spoken in the whole world, and therefore should be called the Universal Language, which had been the language of the first civilization on earth,
located in Africa and the Near East. Indeed it may have been developed by the
Igbo of West Africa (see (see Catherine Acholonu). Forms of the languare are still spoken by
the Dravidians of India, the Basques of Euskadi and the Ainu of Japan. In
Genesis 11:7 we are told: "Come, let us confuse their language that they
may no longer understand one another's speech". The clergy of both
Judaism and Christianity considered this a biblical command and have spent an
enormous, and long sustained effort to enforce this belief. The formula used
by them in most of the artificially constructed
vocabularies is called the "vowel-interlocking" or "VCV formula". Because the Basque language is the
closest to the ancient Saharan language and has the best English dictionary,
this will be called Basque from now on. In most cases, the first 2nd,
3rd or 4th letters of each Basque word were
agglutinated into a new word (agglutinate = to unite or
combine into a group) . After this was done, some or many
of the vowels and h's were removed according to a plan to give the new words
special characteristics. In Hebrew most, if not all, of the vowels were
removed for writing, but not for speaking.
For example, Talmud, was spelled 'lmd' but pronounced 'tal-mud', from
Basque tala - mudapen, watch out - alteration: "Watch out for alteration",
which is basic to an oral law.
It is the task of the linguistic archaeologist to look at languages
before the invention of writing, to search the very roots of such languages;
the subject could also be called pre-historical linguistics but that name
would still be part of the fortress called linguistics. To make this process
at least plausible, other disciplines such as religion, mythology,
archaeology and historical linguistics must be included, while earlier
research and hypotheses in this field should be carefully re-examined. Many languages, including such early
languages as Hebrew and Sanskrit, were created by formulaic manipulation of
Basque vocabulary. However, the name Basque, or more accurately Bask because
there is no Q in the language, did not exist at the time this language
invention was done. There must have been an earlier form of this language
available to the linguists doing this manipulation. But where did it come
from and what was it like? The research
done by Dr. N. Lahovary and published in his book "Dravidian Origins and the West" shows conclusively that Basque and the old
Dravidian languages of India are closely related. Nyland’s research into the Ainu language of Japan shows the same. The Ainu are
thought to have been isolated in the Far East for as long as 8,000 years, yet
they retain an early, non-agglutinated, form of Saharan, thus the original
language must have been very old. These startling finds seem to indicates
that the precursor of the Basque language was spoken very early in Europe,
Africa and Asia, just like Genesis 11:1 tells us: "Now the whole world
spoke one language". Nyland suggested that the forerunner of the Basque,
Dravidian and Ainu languages was the Saharan language and that the language
spoken in the beautifully painted cathedral caves in southern France and
northern Spain was an early form of the same. However, this early form of the
language cannot have been the one used by the early religious scholars doing
the inventing of new languages such as Sanskrit. They used a later,
manipulated, form that was constructed with agglutination. It employed the vowel-consonant-vowel
interlocking principle.
That many words in the Saharan/Basque vocabulary are artificially
assembled is obvious from words like alkar, meaning mutual.
It comes from three Basque roots: al-ka-ar: al. - .ka - ar. This is
a very good definition of the meaning: 'mutual'. Applying the same system of
analysis to other words, it becomes clear that thousands of Basque words have
been similarly assembled using the VCV vowel-interlocking system, but not
all. Underneath this artificial vocabulary lies a non-invented,
non-agglutinated Basque language, but how can this be explained? Is it
possible that this substratum Basque language is still spoken somewhere? The Basque
word zahar means old, and the name Sahara could therefore be interpreted as
"the old country", but the Basque ‘z’ and the ‘s’, which is
pronounced as ‘sh’, are quite different letters so zahar may not be the origin of the name
Sahara. However, there appears to be another meaning embedded in "Sahara".
It is analyzed as: .sa-aha-ara. Could this
interpretation of the name mean that the original language had been refined
or developed by early linguists? The logical and highly organized structure
of the Basque language surely seems to support this possibility. The name
used by the Basques for their own language is "Euskera",
analyzed as: eu - us. - .ke - era In order
to bury the true meaning of the word, the Roman Catholic church changed the
quite obvious ‘.ke’ for ‘ake’ to '.ka' so that now we have both Euskera and
Euskara in the dictionary. De
Basaldua (1925) called his native language
"Eskera" and explained the meaning as esk (hand) and the
ending era as form, wave, grace, beautiful, good, and he pulled these
words together to mean "way to move the hand; wave with
grace" which, he said, was also called 'ademan' in Spanish,
meaning gesture (see p. 55). This meaning is
difficult to accept because it appears to have little bearing on the
language. Instead, we are apparently dealing here with words belonging to the
first civilization on earth. This civilization had evolved so greatly that
the substratum language was no longer adequate to describe their achievements
in astronomy, mathematics, acoustics, navigation, religion etc. Therefore, a system had to be found to
expand the language. The VCV vowel-interlocking structure was the result of
their search for a practical expressive language. There seems
little doubt that the Basque language is a direct descendant of this original
Saharan language and that this language has not changed very much for several
millennia, probably because of the extremely careful oral transmission
traditions used in their educational system, passing the language on from
generation to generation without changes. STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT OF BASQUE
Many people have theorized about how language began, some suggesting that
the first words used were imitations of spontaneous articulation of sounds in
nature, such as animal cries, expressions of pain, happiness, fear etc.
Others searched for the origin by studying the first utterings of small
children. English possesses a large number of onomatopoeic words such as crack, bang,
splash, splatter, bash, thrash, thump etc. It is certain that such
onomatopoeia play a role in language formation but it is doubtful that such
words are the origin or main source of the language. Basque contains more
onomatopoeia than any other language but Paleolithic words such as aitz (rock, stone), ur (water), euri (rain), lur (earth, soil, floor), elur (snow) and izotz (ice) have no
onomatopoeic origin.
The well-known linguist Noam
Chomsky reasoned that the structural facets of
language, the ground rules of speech, had to be inborn. If that is the case,
speech must be very old. Building on this thinking,, the Saharan language
must have gone through at least three main stages such as: Stage 1) the basic, natural
language evolved during the Paleolithic and early Neolithic, prior to ca
8,000 B.C. It appears that the words in this language mostly named tangible
items. Stage 2) the perfection of
clear vowel differentiation and the introduction of onomatopoeia, starting
about 8,000 B.C. This non-agglutinated phase of the language was taken east
to become the basis of the Ainu and Dravidian languages. It is still spoken today by some 170
million people. This vocabulary included many intangible items. Stage 3) the
invention of morphemic
agglutination (morpheme = a distinctive arrangement of sounds that contains no smaller meaningful parts; agglutinate
= to unite or combine into a group) which resulted in
the development of a greatly diversified vocabulary in which each one of the
new words started with vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV), a process that was
probably completed by 4,000 B.C.
Making a description or comment pertaining to the thought to be
expressed created the new words, and the morphemes were then assembled to
create words needed in science and technology. The earliest invented languages of the Near East, such as Hittite,
Luvian, Palaic, and Sumerian etc. were later constructed
out of this invented vocabulary, starting possibly shortly before 2,000 B.C. It may not be
possible to reconstruct Stage 1, but the existence of the Dravidian languages
with their well-established relationship to Basque, may make it possible to
reconstruct many of the words and much of the grammar of Stage 2. Nyland’s (2001) work in linguistic
archaeology up to now has mostly been based on Stage 3, because the built-in
sentence in many of the agglutinated words, created with the VCV formula, can
still be restored with his system of decoding. Research into the vocabulary
and sentence structure of Stage 2, of necessity, will require a thorough
knowledge of the Dravidian languages, such as Dr. N. Lahovary possessed. Detailed
study of the enormous stone monuments in Egypt have brought home the
realization that sciences such as mathematics, astronomy and acoustics were
highly developed and applied, long before the time of the Greeks and
Arabs. We also know that magic played
a big role in the thinking of these people, which tended to promote
dedication to the task at hand and resulted in superior achievements. The
Ogam research by Anthony Jackson, anthropologist at Edinburgh University, shows that prime
numbers, which are numbers that cannot be divided by any whole number, were
ascribed superior magical properties. Another
source of magical fascination was the mirror-like patterns in numbers e.g.
121, 87178, 1399931, most composed of odd-numbered digits. A special case is 'Pi'
parsed here to make certain groups stand out more. Note in about 17
characters the combination 238-46-2-46-832 forms a typical
sort of mirror-like characteristic: 3.14-15-926-535-89-793-238-46-2-64-33-832-795-02-88-41-9-71-69- Searching in
there, you see numbers like 793 and 795, 751 and 749, 582 and 592 and the
sequence at the end where 640 links to 620 with an overlapping link of 628
and 6280 with 8998 in between. It is not surprising that 'Pi' was a major
source of magical fascination for the mathematicians of the pre-patriarchal
civilization. Another very
important number in modern science and especially to the ancient Egyptians
was the natural log E = 2.718281828459.... note the mirrored
numbers 828-1-828. It is created by the series: 1 + 1/1! +
1/2! + 1/3! + 1/4! where the exclamation mark means "factorial".
(4! means 4 x 3 x 2 x 1). Apparently, the
early scholars developed a "symbolic mathematical language"
that was embedded in their monumental structures. The measurements of the
great pyramid at Gizeh show many such mirror-like numbers according to Jim
Branson in Idaho, who studies the acoustical characteristics of the spaces in
the pyramid. This mathematical language
magic was also used in the formation of Stage 3, the improved and enriched
Saharan language we know today as Basque. The mirror-like VCV pattern
became the basic structure of the new morphemes. These were used to construct
the new vocabulary that has vowel interlocking as the main rule. Where vowel
interlocking is interrupted, a break in the word is required which usually
means that a new word begins. Vowel interlocking may have been
another form of magic with letters and, thanks to it, the hidden sentences in
many Saharan/Basque words can be recovered. This system proved to be so
successful that the scholars who made up the new Semitic and Indo-European
languages, adopted the practice of abbreviating the word to be used to the
first three letters, of which the last vowel of the first VCV had to be the
same as the first vowel of the to be agglutinated VCV: VCV1 - V1CV2 - V2CV3 - V3CV4 - V4CV The Sanskrit language was made up almost entirely out of that half
of the Saharan language which starts with VCV, while the scholars creating
the Romance languages and English used the same system as a priority but
quite often felt obliged to use a CV word for the first morpheme. For the
Semitic and Germanic languages the entire Saharan/Basque vocabulary was used
and a new letter, the ‘w’, a letter without meaning or Saharan origin, was
introduced. ORGANIZATION OF THE
VCV SYLLABLES The
reorganization of the Saharan language, done millennia ago, was so far-reaching
that even today half of the Basque vocabulary is made up of the Saharan
scholars’ invented words. The basis for the VCV structure was the 16
consonants, each flanked by two vowels. Starting with B the first VCV would
be ABA which was subdivided into five syllable groups, ABA, EBA, IBA, OBA,
UBA , each of which was composed of five syllables: ABA, ABE, ABI, ABO, ABU /
EBA , EBE, EBI, EBO, EBU / IBA, etc., 25 in all. Each of the 15 consonant
therefore was associated with 25 VCV syllables for a grand 400 syllables. In
addition there was the double RR (pronounced as a rolling R), with 25 VCCV
morphemes, ARRA, ARRE, ARRI etc. making a total of 425 different roots. Most
of these morphemes were assigned groups of related words, others had only a
single meaning (e.g. EBO for: ‘to develop’ or UTO for ‘utopia’) and a large
number was left free for future expansion of the language (e.g. EBU, IMO). A
great deal of thought must have gone into the composition of these word
groups because even today it is not difficult to select from them the correct
word which was used in the make up of the hidden sentence. As is usual with invented words, some of these over time may have been
dropped or forgotten through non-use, which would have freed some of the
VCV’s for other words or non-use. For instance, one of these may well be the
verb ulatu, which still is used in some Polynesian languages as hulatu, meaning 'to welcome'. Hula girls dancing a welcome meet visitors to Hawaii at
the airport. It appears that the system was never completed because there are
still about 106 out of 425 VCV’s without vocabulary designations. See the VCV Dictionary. The basic
idea for bringing about this mass language conversion project came from the
marvelously organized Saharan/Basque language itself (Stage 3). Here follow
some of the words and names used by the Basques themselves, which show the
VCV manipulation process of the original language SAHARAN / BASQUE, AN
AGGLUTINATED LANGUAGE Webster's
dictionary defines "agglutination"
as: " to unite or combine into a group ". This is a rather inadequate definition because not only
whole morphemes, but also parts of morphemes, as small as one or two letters,
and whole words were being agglutinated and fused. In this text, Nyland used
dots to replace the letters that were removed. In the case of double vowels
an 'h' is often omitted. The 'rr' morphemes are classed with the VCV's. Combining complete words: jokaleku (playing field) gurdibide (cart path) Combining only VCVs: ainguratu (to anchor) errukizko (merciful) ezpatalari (swordsman) izigarrikeria (atrocity) laranja (orange) mendebaleko (of the west) Vitoria, merezi (merit) Combining a VCCV with VCV's. ospegabeko (unknown) (was: otspegabeko) ustekabezia (unforeseen) Combining a full word and VCVs: larkeria (excess) zabaltasun (openness, honesty) zorigabeko (dismal) Combining CV and VCV morphemes: Bizkay, Zuberoa, Pyrenees, kaiku (wooden bowl for
boiling milk) Using a combination of CV, VCV and VCCVs such as in: Gipuzkoa .gi-ipu-uz. ' ko-o.a Bask, aritz (oak tree) gorputz (body)
Recently encoded words lack the interlocking structure. For example, maribidetako, which has
to be a new word because prostitution probably only came into being when the
male dominated religion arrived. The ancient VCV word construction system had
apparently been forgotten or abandoned. maribidetako (prostitute) The re-organization of the language was
consistently done in groups of related words. In the Basque language almost
all words connected with water contain the root 'ur' (water). Descriptive terms were then
attached to designate the kind of water. A small sampling is given and
compared here with the English equivalents, many of which appear strangely
unconnected and artificial among them.
The only way to
explain the reason for the English words to be so very different and
unconnected among themselves is to show the way in which they were constructed with the use of the vowel-interlocking
VCV formula, which can then be used to restore the hidden meaning in most of
the words (see English Etymological Vocabulary). BASQUE, A VERY
ORGANIZED LANGUAGE Although
the grammar of Basque is complicated, difficult to learn for an English
speaker and obviously evolved over a long time, the vocabulary is so
well organized, even regimented, that it cannot have evolved naturally over
time into this condition and obviously has been scholarly arranged in a
fairly short time. As all the early-invented languages
such as Sumerian, Hebrew, Sanskrit etc. use this VCV system, the
agglutination of the Saharan language must have been done first, since 3,000
bce. Almost exactly half of the Basque vocabulary starts with
vowel-consonant-vowel or VCV, two vowels flanking one consonant. Some of
these vowels may be omitted in the word invention process, but the consonant
is always retained. One exception is the consonant 'h' which may or may not
be shown in the dictionary or used in the invention process e.g. both andi and handi (large, enormous)
are found in the dictionary, or elberri and helberri (newly arrived); the 'h' is often removed from words, even
dialects. The
Benedictine clergy, who created all the west-European languages, were at
first instructed in the word invention science by the people who worked on
the Latin language in Rome and had been developing it into the liturgical
language of the Roman Catholic church. These highly educated and dedicated
clergy then fanned out over western Europe, established mission stations with
scriptoria, created libraries and started the language invention process. For
over 1000 years they employed non-Benedictine grammarians who spoke the
Saharan/Basque language, probably originating from Liguria in the Alps and
from Euskadi in the Pyrenees region. In the clergy' writings it is often
indicated that there are children in the monasteries; most of these belonged
to the families of the grammarians. In addition, young boys were sent by
their parents to the monastery residential school, to be trained as deacons,
clergy and linguists just like Alcuin had been, a practice still followed in
several Benedictine monasteries to this day. The monk-linguists used a large number of tricks to make the
languages they created sound very different. First the periphrastic word
order of Basque was completely reversed, which created a fundamental
difference and became the main characteristic of the Indo-European
"family" of languages. Samples borrowed from Aulestia (p. a30): negation+auxiliary verb+complements+ main verb The
intellect that invented this reversal of the ancient periphrastic word order
created the basic structure of the "Indo-European languages". For English, the
pronunciation of the alphabet was changed from the usual Latin to the
"English" sound, which instantly caused the words to be pronounced
very differently. Relatively few vowels were removed from the Latin
agglutinations, but many more from the English ones, giving it a very
different 'feel'. Most languages received newly invented
"characteristic" letters, ô, ü, ř, ö, ń, č, etc. and/or unusual
combinations of letters such as 'eau' in French pronounced 'o', or the Dutch
'ui' pronounced something like 'oi' but can only be said properly by a
Dutchman. No doubt intended as a joke, Dutch also ended up with the
embarrassing deep throat scrape, written as 'g' or 'ch' such as in
Scheveningen, schaap, gaan, gooien, a sound that the clergy probably borrowed
from Hebrew and tossed it into Dutch. Thank goodness
the Benedictines resisted these peculiar urges when they created English,
which therefore became the simplest of all to learn and speak, and eventually
became England's most successful export, in spite of its often ridiculous
pronunciation. To some languages the clergy assigned a gender (male, female
or neuter) for each word e.g. in French
and German, which led to dumb cases such as the 'soldier on guard duty' who
is female: "die Schildwache" in German and "la
sentinelle" in French. Holland is one of the few countries that rid
itself in this century of this incredible gender nuisance; retaining today
only the neutral form 'het' e.g. "the horse" is not "de
paard" but "het paard". Grammatical rules for each language
were invented, some more appropriate and more easy to use than others. Only German ended up with endless and
ungainly lists of "Ausnamen", exceptions to the ungainly
grammatical rules. However, none of these languages was saddled with
grammatical rules as complicated as the Basque grammar possesses, although
Latin came close. In English, the
original verbs were separated e.g. the 'tu' at the end of zerbitu (to serve) became
'tu zerbi' (b = v): to servi and 'to serve' in English, 'te dienen' in Dutch
and 'zu dienen' in German. In English the original 'i' was maintained in the
word 'service', broken down into zerbi-ike, serbi-ikerlari, serve-the visitor.
English is full of such Benedictine tricks. Other examples which show that
the 'tu' at the end of the Basque verbs became the 'to' before the English
verb: begitu (to look), apurtu (to break, destroy), kisitu (to whitewash), neurriratu (to regulate) etc. RETURN TO A
UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE From Nyland’s (2001) work with the following
languages, it appears that all highly developed languages, without exception,
were invented by linguists; some languages turned
out more elegant and useful than others. If this is indeed the case, then we
should be entitled to start facing out some of the unnecessary and dying
ones, such as Celtic, Friesian, Wallonian, Flemish, Catalan etc. Danish and
Norwegian are almost the same so why not combine them, as the Basques did
with their seven languages, which are now together called Euskera
Batua or Unified Basque. Ukrainian and Russian, Galician and
Portuguese, Finnish and Estonian, Polish and Kashubian, Czech and Slovak,
Macedonian and Bulgarian etc. all can be combined with a bit of good will.
Why treasure something as artificial and unauthentic as the many unnecessary
and people-dividing Benedictine language creations that we are now stuck
with? Nyland (2001) noted that the European
nations were making tremendous strides to unify under one government, one monetary
system, one army, no boundaries, and now it is time to simplify the
church-caused language bewilderment and start working toward a Unified
European language, which we could call Euro Batua, which
could be English or Spanish, but not German. The third millennium A.D. could
be celebrated by starting to work toward the Universal language, it is long
overdue. It is a pity that this Universal language cannot again be the
Saharan of our ancestors. It is just
too complicated and too difficult to learn.
Nevertheless, Nyland hoped that the oldest highly developed language
in the entire world should not be allowed to die. Let Latin and Greek and
Sanskrit only be remembered in books, we can well do without them, but
the Basque language must survive and be spoken by a vibrant population, if
necessary through the creation of a United Nations Heritage Region called
Euskadi. Nyland thought that it would be a worthy project for the U.N. |