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[Note: All Basque words are in Italics and Bold-faced Green]
AINU & BASQUE
LANGUAGE CORRELATION
A review derived from the following: Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: AnIntroduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada. ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p. ----Please CLICK on desired underlined categories [to
search for Subject
Matter, depress Ctrl/F ]: Introduction
An ancient
language form that originated in the North African area of our most ancient civilizations
has been studied by Nyland (2001). He found that
many words used to describe names of places and things in northern Japan seem
to be closely related to the ancient language, which Nyland called Saharan, and which later was predated by the Igbo Language of West Africa.
Fortuitously, the Basque Language is a close relative to the
original Saharan. Following is
a discussion of this relationship: The language of
the Ainu people of Northern Japan has been considered a language-isolate,
apparently being unlike any other language on earth. Edo Nyland has noted
taht few researchers found a relationship with languages in southeast Asia;
others saw similarity with the Ostiak and Uralic languages of northern
Siberia. The Ainu look like Caucasian people, they have white skin, their
hair is wavy and thick, their heads are monocephalic (round) and a few have
gray or blue eyes. However, their blood types are more like the Mongolian
people, possibly through many millennia of intermixing. The Ainu are a
semi-nomadic hunting and fishing group but also practice simple planting
methods, which knowledge may have been acquired from the newcomers. The
invading people, under their Yamato
government, called them the Ezo, the unwanted, and forced the Ainu in
fierce fighting to retreat north to the island of Hokkaido. The name Ezo likely is an abbreviation of the Basque
word ezonartu (to disapprove of). The following
summarizes the accounts by Nyland
and others on the possible correlation of the two languages: ARCHAEOLOGY
Archaeologists determined
that the Ainu have been living on many of Japan's islands, from Okinawa to
Sakhalin, for 7,000 years and likely longer. Their Jomon pottery is found everywhere; it
is characteristic although somewhat clumsy and can be dated from 5,000 bce.
until just before the Christian era. It is very attractive and is
distinguished by the fantasy of its shapes with elegant and imaginative cord
decorations. Some of the most striking finds were the clearly anthropomorphic
clay and stone figurines resembling pregnant females with mask-like faces and
protuberant eyes; very similar to those found in many other parts of the
world, especially in Europe. A number of
stone circles have also been found, similar to those in Cornwall (England)
and Senegal (North-West Africa). A few still have the slender upright stone
in the center, also found in the British Isles and elsewhere in Atlantic
Europe and N.W. Africa. Around 300 bce., Mongolian type people moved in from
Korea and aggressively forced the Ainu north onto the large island of
Hokkaido where an estimated 17,000 of them are still living. Some 10 dialects
have been recognized, such as those of Sakhalin, Hokkaido and the Kurils, but
several are at the point of being lost forever. In Hokkaido, young Ainu are now
making an effort to restore their ancient language and traditions. RELIGION
There are many
intriguing resemblances between the religious customs of the Ainu and the
Shinto Japanese. The Ainu called their God Kami while the Japanese called him Kamisama. The Aleut
and Eskimo word kammi means "ancient thing" or "at the beginning,"
one of a great many correlations between Ainu and Inuktitut. (The Eskimo
people call themselves the Inuit; note the similarity between the names Inuk
and Ainu). Bear worship is
still part of the Ainu religion and is described in detail by Joseph Campbell
in Primitive Mythology. This Paleolithic bear-worship may date back to
before 100,000 bce., to the days of the Neanderthals. It appears to have been
practiced worldwide; wherever the bear was not found (mainly in Africa), its
place was taken by similar panther-worship. Bear worship was
not tolerated in those areas later dominated by the major religions;
therefore, it was only possible for anthropologists to study the religion in
the peripheral areas of northern Europe and Siberia. This gave rise to the
idea that the Ainu must have moved eastward through Siberia, even though the
nearest people of their type are found almost 5,000 miles away. However,
bear-worship has also been reported from Indonesia where languages similar to
the Ainu language are still spoken (to be discussed with the Indonesian
language). Could it be that the Ainu were part of the mass migration of
"Caucasian" type Sea Peoples who fled the burning Sahara
and, among others, became the "Caucasian" looking Polynesians and
Maories? The following language comparison for the Ainu seems to indicate
that this was the case. THE NAMES &
WORDS OF JAPAN
In books about
Japan it is often remarked that many of the names of Japan's geographical
features were taken over from the Ainu. For instance, the many names
beginning or ending with ama (Goddess) are all thought to be of Ainu origin. In 1994 the newly
married prince and princess of Japan traveled to the cave of the Goddess Amaterasu to
ask her blessings for their marriage. The name Amaterasu is agglutinated from ama-atera-asu, ama (Goddess) atera (to come out, to
appear) asturu (blessings flow): Blessings flow when the Goddess appears. This
name is made up of perfect Basque! Other well-known names were similarly
assembled such as Hokkaido: oka-aidu: oka (big meal) aiduru (looking forward to): Looking forward to a big meal; and Fujiyama, fa-uji-ama: fa (happy) uju (cry of joy) ama (Goddess): "A happy cry of joy for
the Goddess" is uttered by everyone who reaches the top of the holy
mountain, just like is still being heard on many other mountains of the world
(e.g . at Croag Patrick in Ireland, on the last Sunday of July). The Basques
even have a word for this yodel cry for the Goddess, which they call irrintzi. The name Amaterasu is made up with the vowel-interlocking
Ogam formula, which was surprising to me because in the Ainu language itself
there is not a hint of this agglutinating formula. Nyland then searched for
more Japanese names and words which were assembled with the
vowel-interlocking Ogam formula and found many such as Kamikaze and Samurai. The surprise which
came from this comparison was that those words which showed
vowel-interlocking were usually associated with fighting and male domination.
This appeared to be true all over the Pacific, including Peru and Mexico.
Could this mean that there were two major migrations, the first one many
millennia ago from Mesopotamia which brought the peaceful people of the
Goddess to the Pacific and a much later one, missionary based, bringing
aggressive male domination and the language-distorting vowel-consonant-vowel
(VCV) formula to these same areas? None of the Ainu
words was the same as in Basque, but many were extremely close such as ikoro and koro (money), kokor and gogor (to scold), tasum and eritasun (illness), iska and xiska (to steal). A surprise
was the Ainu word nok (testicle) which is much like the Basque word noka (familiarity with women). In English
slang the same word is used in "to knock up" meaning "to cause
a woman to become pregnant." In Indonesian nok means "unmarried young woman,"
while dénok means "slender, elegant woman." In Dutch slang the word
is slightly altered to neuk (sexual intercourse). There is little doubt that the word goes
way back to the Neolithic or even Paleolithic. From the following comparisons
it seems clear that Ainu and Basque are genetically related. In comparing
Ainu with Dravidian, there was no such a relationship, although Dravidian
itself is obviously also related to Basque. Two separate branches of the same
tree? The following
words were taken from: An Ainu Dialect
Dictionary edited by Shiro Hattori and printed mostly in Latin
characters. This work provided a wealth of excellent material for comparison.
Don't forget that the Basque "s" is pronounced as a soft
"sh" and that our sharp "sh" is written as "x"
in Basque. (The page column shows the word number/page number from his book): CLICK 2X To Enlarge
It is easy to find hundreds more
like the ones above, all it takes is time, but there is little reason for
doing that. This comparison is quite convincing: the Ainu language is
genetically related to the universal language, Saharan/Basque; the similarities
are just too many to be accidental. Considering that the Ainu have probably
been separated from the west since 5-7,000 bce. it is not surprising that the
language has drifted away from the Neolithic language as it had developed in
the Sahara. The fact that so many Ainu words are still clearly recognizable
when compared to modern Basque words is nothing short of amazing and tells us
that the ancient oral traditions had been faithfully maintained since they
left the Sahara or Mesopotamia. The Ainu had no writing system but memorized
their history and legends as yukar, which means that the poetry and epics were performed by memory
professionals with elaborate display and ritual. Similarly, in the west, the
universal language was maintained by regular meetings, probably at the
central shrine on Malta, where the bertsolari (memory professionals) of all the tribes and regions met to
reinforce and standardize their language and knowledge. The Pacific sea
peoples settled on hundreds of islands, they scattered over the entire
Pacific, and it must be assumed that the single unifying educational exchange
practiced in the Mediterranean was impossible to repeat. Similar local
meeting-islands must have been designated in the Marianas, Polynesia, Melanesia,
Indonesia, New Zealand etc. but regular contact with the far-away Ainu could
hardly have been maintained. Consequently, the formerly universal language
drifted and diversified into what we know today as the many languages of the
Pacific islands, including those of the Kurils and Aleutians. Several of the
Pacific languages, such as Japanese and Hawaian, do not have the
"r". It has been theorized that these languages have lost this
letter over the centuries. Another
suggestion was that the original "Caucasians" coming from Africa or
Mesopotamia, around 5,000 bce., did not know this letter. However, it appears
that the Ainu were the first to arrive in the Pacific and they have the
"r". The lost "r" theory may well be correct. It is
interesting to note that the name Ainu possibly comes from ain'u, an abbreviation of ainbanatu (to distribute, to
scatter all over). Another origin could be the Basque word aienatu (the disappeared,
departed).These astute navigators of the Pacific must also have discovered
the west coast of North America at a very early date. The island-chain of the
Aleutians was a ready-made pathway to Alaska, which must have been reached
well before 6,000 bce., possibly before the east coast of North America was
spotted. It may have been about the same time that the Eskimos started to
spread east into Arctic Canada and Greenland, bringing along a pidgin-type,
Ainu-related, Basque to Labrador and Greenland (See Eskimo).
WHO WERE THE AINU
"NOMADS OF THE WIND"?
There are
indications that the Ainu sailed regularly to Alaska to obtain reindeer hides from
the Aleuts established there, which they needed for their sails, exactly the
same as was done by the Basques, the Irish and Scots who went to Arctic Norway
for their reindeer-leather sails (Mt. Komsa people).
The Ainu must have been great long-distance seafarers to keep up contact with
their home base that may have been in Mesopotamia. All over the Pacific this
incredible sailing tradition waned fast when the social structure changed
after the coming of European or Asiatic domination. Today the Ainu still sail
the ocean but mostly to fish. The complex navigational techniques, acquired
over millennia had been the property of a few special families and were never
popular wisdom. They are now lost. The astonishing amount of astronomical
knowledge, which the members of such navigator families had to memorize, was
taught them at a very young age and was built up during a lifetime on the
ocean. To these highly skilled and proud people the Pacific was not
hostile. The ocean was their life and
joy, and an indispensable part of their culture. Only in the Carolines the
ancient spirit, some of the secret navigational techniques and much astronomical wisdom has
been maintained to this day. All this is described in a book called: We, the Navigators by David
Lewis. The people who
sailed the Pacific without the aid of instruments have recently been called
the "Nomads of the Wind", a most appropriate title for these
courageous and resourceful people. The Ainu appeared to have been the avant
guard of the Pacific migration. The desertification of the Sahara (See Climate) had probably forced these groups to flee that
region. It was then that the name "Africa" was coined: af.-.ri-ika, afa-ari-ika: afa (happy) arinari eman (to escape) ikara (terror): Happy to
have escaped the terror. Some of these displaced tribes sailed around Asia
and started to populate the nearest Pacific islands, all of them speaking the
same universal language and bringing along the same religion. Many of the
Pacific islands had names which could be translated with the Basque
dictionary such as: "Tahiti", from tahi-iti, tahiu (appearance) iti (ox): "Resembles an
ox" the sharp pointed mountains indeed resemble ox horns.
Also, "Rapa Nui" (Easter Island), arra-apa ' nui, erraldoi (giant) aparta (far, far away), nui (enormous, in Hawaiian): "Enormous giants, far, far
away". "Hawaii",
ha'u-ahi: ha'u (this one) ahigarri (exhausting): This one is exhausting! It still is. Finally,”
Papua",
apapua (living in poverty); stone age people don't own much, they don't
pollute and they live as part of nature. One tantalizing hint comes from Peru
where the patriarchal
Incas established a complex civilization, complete with highly
evolved Sumerian-type
irrigation. The Incas were living gods and the Basque word for
"God" is ainkoa! |
==========================================
For further detail, please refer to:
Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: AnIntroduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada.
ISBN
1-55212-668-4. 541 p. [ see abstract &
summary]
Nyland, Edo. 2002.
Odysseus and the Sea Peoples: A
Bronze Age
History of Scotland
Trafford Publ., Victoria,