|
|
251b. Frons not modified as "horns," mostly flat in
dorsal view (Fig.A); hind tibia almost perpendicularly
squared at tip; 2 hind tibial spurs ...... Chalcididae (Haltichellinae) <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 56)
|
|
251c. Frons not modified as "horns," mostly flat in
dorsal view; hind tibia obliquely squared at tip (Fig.A); either 1hind tibial spur or spur not
apparent; abdominal petiole eitherconcealed or much shorter than 1/2 length of abdomen and
not striated longitudinally ..... Chalcididae
(Chalcidinae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
|
For Pteromalidae Subfamilies also see <nearct-2.key.htm>
|
253a (248b). Antennae with 5-7 segments between
pedicel and club; tarsi usually with 5 segments (if with 4, then males of
Tetracampidae, or tiny specimens with long
antennae and characteristic wings, (see Mymaridae
illustrations) (Fig.A)
.......... A .... <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 51)
|
|
253b. Antennae with 0-4 segments between pedicel and club; tarsi
with 3, 4, or 5 segments (Fig.A); or specimens 0.2-1 or 2 mm. long and
such characters hard to see (many tiny fragile specimens)
|
|
254a (253a). Hind wing without stalk, expanded as
shown; forewing venation ends beyond basal 1/3rd (postmarginal present,
stigmal elongated to sessile) (Fig.A); specimens usually >2 mm ......... A
|
|
254b. Hind wing stalked and elongated (rarely reduced to only a
short stub, hooked at tip); fore wing venation linear, ending in basal
1/3rd (postmarginal vein absent, stigmal rudimentary), or seemingly absent;
specimens usually <2 mm
|
|
255a (254b). Abdominal petiole with distinct 2
segments and very thin; fore wing reticulate (= net-like); both fore and hind
wings narrow at base into a linear stalk (Fig.A); mandibles with teeth
exodont (extended outwards); antennal
sockets closer to eyes than to each other (rare in North American
collections) .......... A ......... Mymerommatidae
(= Callimomidae) <Habits>;
<Adults> (also Fig. 41)
|
|
255b. Abdominal petiole with 1 segment or none; fore wing
membrane smooth, hind wing membrane
not reaching base, but reduced to a linear stalk formed by submarginal vein
(Fig.A); frons with H-shaped impressed lines (Fig.A ); antennal
sockets much closer to eyes than to each other; egg parasites
(common in North American collections) .... (Figs.B-H). ... Mymaridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 51)
|
|
256a (254a). Mesopleuron concave; midtibial spur
thin and like a spine (Fig.A)... ......A
|
|
256b. Mesopleuron convex (bulging);
midtibial spur relatively thick (Fig.A)
|
|
257a (256a). Head projects forward, female mandible
with rasplike appendage; female scape always distinctly widened but
irregular in shape (Fig.A), 3rd antennal segment not ring-like
but extended mesodorsally into a thick spine (Fig.A); eyes very small or vestigial, celli
mostly absent; at least hind tibia shorter than femur; male wingless (much
modified) or
short-winged, wing stumps often as short filaments, rarely with narrow wing
blade; body yellowish to dark brown or black, with shortened spiny tibiae,
tarsal segments often very reduced; not parasitic and collected from fig
fruits (Figs.B-F) ...... A ..... Agaonidae <Habits>; <Adults>
|
|
257b. Head projects downward,female without appendage on
mandible; hind tibia at least as long as femur, usually longer; male
similar to female ,,, (Fig.A)
|
|
258a (257b). Antennal insertion definitely more
than one socket diameter above free margin of clypeus; if doubtful, then
either eyes diverge ventrally or side of head ("cheeks") ridged (carinate) ...... A .… (Fig.A)
|
|
258b. Antennal insertion less than one
socket diameter above free margin of clypeus; if doubtful, side of head
without ridges ....... (Fig.A)
|
For
Pteromalidae Subfamilies also see <nearct-2.key.htm>
|
259a (258b). Antennae arise at side and below free
margin of clypeus; thorax with some distinct pits or wrinkles, often also
head; scutellum without sublateral lines but often with pitted frenal
line (Fig.A ); fore
wing membrane flat, pubescent, without a tuft of scales; frons with median
pitted groove; abdominal petiole longer than wide; body black or slightly metallic (Figs.B-D) (common in North American collections)
.... A
.. Pteromalidae (Spalangiinae)
.... <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles>
[also see 294 and fly-par.htm
]
|
|
260a (258a). Fore wing stigma enlarged (Fig.A), longer than stigmal vein, and
projects toward hind
margin of wing; ovipositor sheaths always protruding; antennae with 7
funicle segments;
thorax with rather sparse and usually outstanding conspicuous hairs, always without
short hairs; body often somewhat yellow and rarely metallic (Figs.B-C)
..... A .... Torymidae (Megastigminae) <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 59)
|
|
260b. Fore wing stigma not enlarged, shorter than stigmal vein
(stigma at times surrounded by pigmented tainlike area);
ovipositor and antenna variable (Fig.A)
|
|
261a (260b). Scutellum with submedian grooves that
meet prescutal sutures and outline a median rectangular area (ra) or
stigmal vein long and almost at right angle to marginal vein (Figs.A-B) (rare in collections from fig fruits
in Florida .... A ..... Torymidae (Sycophaginae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 59)
|
|
261b. Scutellum without submedian grooves, prescutal sutures
separated from scutellum by axilla (= triangular or rounded sclerite
on side of scutellum and mostly just back of the base of
front wing); either stigmal vein ling and angled off of marginal vein or
short (Fig.A) (common
& widespread in North America)
|
|
262a (261b). Hind coxa much longer and wider than
forecoxa by 2-3 times; if doubtful, then prescutal sutures absent or weak
and female with protruding ovipositor (Fig.A ........... A.
|
|
262b. Hind coxa nearly same size as fore coxa; if doubtful, then
prescutal sutures well developed and female ovipositor not
protruding (Fig.A)
|
|
263a (262a). Ovipositor at least a little
protruding; both sexes: abdomen without pits; propodeum
postero-laterally angled and does not project over hind coxa (dorsal view); cerci of
last dorsal plate elongated or 4-sided and with long setae (not as apparent
in male as
female); pronotum mostly long, often almost conical; prepectus almost equal
to tegula; hind
tibial spurs thin; male abdomen collapsed or convex, in latter case at
least as high as broad,
without lateral edge (Figs.A-E)
..... A .... Torymidae.. <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>. (Subfamilies: … 264) (also Fig. 59)
|
|
263b. Ovipositor not protruding; both sexes: pronotum relatively short; abdomen with
pits and always
heavily sclerotized; propodeum postero-laterally rounded and projects over
hind coxa (dorsal view); cerci of last dorsal
plate reduced to low plates (like a disk); prepectus much smaller than tegula; hind tibial
spurs thickened (Figs.A-B) ........ Ormyridae <Habits>; <Adults>
|
|
264a (263a). Metapleuron with straight anterior
margin; stigmal vein much shorter than breadth of coastal cell, stigma at
most only slightly knobbed (Fig.A ); head and thorax always metallic or
slightly so in Australian species; hairs on thorax usually dense and short
..... A ..... Torymidae
(Monodontomerinae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
|
|
264b. Metapleuron with anterior margin angled or protruding
forward (Fig.A ), so that metapleuron
forms a distinct lobe; antennae of Australian species always with 1 anellus (ring segment) and 7 funicular
segments (Fig.B) ......
Torymidae
(Toryminae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
|
|
265a (262b). Pronotum rectangular in dorsal view,
about as wide as scutum, sides parallel and flat laterally; body black, yellow, or mixed black &
yellow, but rarely faintly metallic; thorax mostly with coarse hairy pits;
abdomen usually oval in crossview and compressed laterally (Figs.A-D) ........ A ..... Eurytomidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (Subfamilies: 266) (also Fig. 61)
|
|
265b. Pronotum in dorsal view narrowed to a transverse (= at right angles to
longitudinal axis) strip,
or not visible (if elongated, then narrower at base than apex and sides
concave to accomodate front femora (rare, some Cleonyminae); body often
metallic blue or green, rarely black; abdomen usually keel-shaped
(triangular in cross view) and somewhat compressed dorsally (Fig.A)
|
|
266a (265a). Prepectus (p) as large or larger than
tegula; antennae at most with 12 segments (Fig.A ), with
only 1 ring segment and this often almost fused with first funicular A segment; apical segments mostly fused
into a club (Fig.B) ........ Eurytomidae
(Eurytominae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 61)
|
|
266b. Prepectus smaller than tegula (Fig.A)
|
|
267b. Scutellum without projection; tegula
smooth; antennae with 13 segments (Fig.A), the segments after pedicel either not
differentiated or proximal 3 segments of flagellum shortened and then almost anelliform (= ring-like) ........ Eurytomidae (Rileyinae) <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles>
|
|
268a (265b). Pronotum not visible in dorsal view,
covered by distinctly arched scutum; sculpture on thorax often coarse;
abdomen like a rudder, on long petiole; marginal vein usually
very long, but sometimes poorly defined; mandibles often sickle-shaped,
narrow (Fig.A ); marginal vein unusually long in
some species (Figs.B-E) ...
Eucharitidae
...A
…. (= Eucharidae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (Subfamilies: 269) (also Figs. 40 p & 57)
|
|
268b. Pronotum visible in dorsal view, scutum not heavily arched;
abdomen usually elongated and petiole usually not visible.... (petiolate
forms occur) (Fig.A)
|
|
270a (268b). Abdomen covered by first two dorsal
plates (or seemingly covered by single plate); prepectus often fused with
side panel of pronotum (Fig.A), if prepectus clearly separated
than face with discernible supraclypeal area and strong mandibles only
2-toothed (Fig.A); prescutal sutures always complete;
body short and squat; head with well defined clypeus and at least 1 mandible
with 2 teeth; body metallic to black, thorax mostly with coarse hairy pits (Figs.B-C) ...... A .…. Perilampidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (Subfamilies: ….. 271) (also Fig 52)
|
For Pteromalidae
Subfamilies please see <nearct-2.key.htm>
|
270b. Abdomen with 3 or more readily visible dorsal plates; body
usually elongated; head variable
but usually with inconspicuous clypeus and small mandibles with 3-4 teeth; either
prescutal sutures incomplete or antenna with 13 segments (Figs.A-B) .......... Pteromalidae
... <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
(Subfamilies: 272 &
294) (also see
Fig. 69)
|
|
272a (270b). Axillae (ax) advanced far forward of
scutellum or cuts a distinct angle into side lobe of scutum (Fig.A) ......... A
|
|
272b. Axillae
not extended forward of scutellum, or if slightly advanced, does not cut a
distinct angle into side lobe of scutum .... (Fig.A)
|
|
273b. Axillae not enlarged, not close
medially; body without white, scale-like setae (Fig.A)
|
|
274b. Scutellum posterior with triangular "projection"
(is part of metanotum) and without apparent dorsal grooves; scapula extends
backwards outside the rectangular outer corner of axilla, axilla 2X as long
as broad; mid tarsus with 4 segments, unusually long (Fig.A), first segment as long as rest;
prepectus unusually small Pteromalidae (Macromesinae). <Habits>; <Adults> [also see 294]
|
|
275a (272b). Head in dorsal view with posterior
ocelli touching sharp occipital (= dorsal posterior)
edge, gena usually posteriorly ridged; clypeal margin not extended;
thorax A hariness mostly replaced by sparce
bristles (Figs.A-C) .....Pteromalidae (Eunotinae)
.... <Habits>;
<Adults> [also see 294]
|
|
275b. Head in dorsal view with posterior ocelli distant from
rounded occipital margin; if doubtful, then head with curved black
spines (Fig.A)
|
|
276a (275b). Head with projection between antennae,
visible both from above and side (antennae not shown) (Fig.A); body and antennae shiny, latter
usually always without anelli (= ring segments); wings, if not
reduced, without conspicuous hariness but with fine long marginal fringe,
sometimes with a tuft at stigma; marginal vein usually long, but postmarginal
and stigmal veins short; body yellowish to blackish, rarely metallic. ......
.A ..... Pteromalidae (Cerocephalinae)
.... <Habits>;
<Adults> [also
see 294]
|
|
276b. Head without interantennal projection
(Fig.A) ...,,,,... A
|
|
277a (276b). Head and thorax dorsally with black,
curved spines; antennae with 13 segments; hind coxae with fine longitudinal
ridges and inserted unusually high (Fig.A), its outer face often with
longitudinal sculpture; short-winged or wingless females common ..... A ..... Pteromalidae (Diparinae)
.... <Habits>;
<Adults> [also
see 294]
|
|
277b. Head and thorax may have setae, but not black spines; hind
coxae sculptured or smooth, without
longitudinal ridges ........... (Fig.A)
|
|
278a (277b). Body typically elongated (1-2 cm.);
head with ridged, raised areas (crests) between eye and scrobal basin;
pronotum in dorsal view about 2X as long as broad, also petiole, legs and
wings unusually long and slender (Fig.A); ovipositor protrudes, long; antennae with 13 segments without ring
segments; very rare in NorthAmerica) .... A. ..... Pteromalidae (Leptofoeninae)
.... <Habits>;
<Adults> [also see 294]
|
|
278b. Body less elongated (usually less than 1 cm.); head without
ridged, raised area between eye and scrobal basin (Fig.A) (commonly collected in North America)
.......... A.
|
|
279a (278b). Eyes divergent ventrally, parallel
dorsally; pronotum often, though not always, longer than wide, dorsally rounded
and medially often with smooth strip or raised longitudinal line; thorax
usually pitted (Figs.A-C) ....... A ....... Pteromalidae
(Cleonyminae)
.... <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
[also see 294]
|
|
279b. Eye margins mostly parallel; pronotum
always wider than long (Fig.A)
|
|
280a (279b). Either eyes, head, and thorax densely
covered with setae, or scutellum largely
A ........
.polished and with only 2 pairs of bristles (rare in North American
collections) (Fig.A)
|
|
280b. Eyes not densely covered with setae, head and thorax
occasionally so; scutellum rarely with paired bristles, but if so
there are 3 or more pairs and they are inconspicuous (Fig.A)
|
|
281a (280a). Eyes, head and thorax densely covered
with setae; first dorsal plate without distinct longitudinal grooves;
head including large eyes, thorax dorsally and wings regularly densely hairy,
never with paired bristles (Fig.A); postmarginal vein much longer than
stigmal. ....... A ...... Pteromalidae
(Herbertinae)
.... <Habits>;
<Adults> [also see 294]
|
|
281b. Eyes not covered with setae; scutellum largely polished and
with 2 pairs of prominent bristles;
male antennae with 6 conspicuous segments between pedicel and club (Fig.A), rarely
5 (Fig.A); marginal vein at least 4X as long as
stigmal vein (Fig.A), fore wing mostly
very densely hairy, including basal 1/3rd; in females antenna with 6
distinct funicular
segments and sometimes with 1 ring-like segment (Fig.A);
female propodeum often
very hairy (Figs.A-C) ....... Tetracampidae <Habits>; <Adults>
|
|
282a (280b). Sides of head ("cheeks")
laterally ridged, temple absent (Fig.A), gena posteriorly produced
into a lamina; antenna clubbed, all preclub segments of flagellum at right
angles to
longitudinal axis; scutellum anteriorly with 2 deep pits; second dorsal
plate of petiolate abdomen
very large, covering most of dorsum, dorsally somewhat fused with the 1st
dorsal plate.
...... A ....... Pteromalidae (Asaphinae)
.... <Habits>;
<Adults> [also see 294]
|
|
282b. Sides of head rounded laterally; notauli (= longitudinal sutures of the
mesonotum separating
the median area from the lateral area) incomplete and wide apart; marginal
vein widened in basal part (Fig.A); clypeal margin often with deep
incision and asymmetric teeth; dorsum of thorax
reticulate, almost bare, without bristles (Fig.B) ..... Pteromalidae
(Pteromalinae / Miscogasterinae) .......... <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
[also see 294]
|
|
283a (256b). Cercus at tip of abdomen; fore and
midcoxae separated (midcoxa posterior to midpoint of mesopleuron); axillae
(ax) do not meet medially (if so, at least as long as wide);
marginal vein longer than stigmal or postmarginal (Fig.A) ........ A
|
|
283b. Cercus anterior to tip of abdomen; fore & mid coxae
nearly touching (mid coxa anterior to middle of mesopleuron) (Fig.A); flagellum with at most 9 segments (occasionally
one very small
ring-like segment); axillae transverse (= at right angle with
longitudinal axis), often meeting
in midline (Fig.A); marginal vein often shorter than
stigmal or postmarginal; mesoscutum
convex and short; prescutal sutures absent or indicated by superficial
lines converging to meet at the pointed front
end of scutellum (Figs.B-Z) ......... Encyrtidae <Habits>; <Adults-1> & <Adults-2>;
& <Juveniles> [also
see fly-par.htm ]
|
|
284a (283a). Prescutal sutures mostly invisible, do
not meet; prepectus flat, not projected flagellum with 7-8 segmented
funicle plus club; mid coxae much closer to hind coxae than to fore ones (Fig.A); axillae not obviously at right angles with
longitudinal axis and mostly wide apart so that scutellum is only rarely
pointed anteriorly; marginal vein always much longer
than stigmal vein (Figs.B-F) ...... A ...... Eupelmidae... <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (Subfamilies: 285)
|
|
284b. Prepectus swollen, in dorsal view protruding forwards as
conspicuous shoulders (Fig.A), prescutal sutures meet medially;
pronotum very short; always fully winged, stigmal vein fairly
long but shorter than marginal (Fig.A); antennae with 12 segments; tropical
and phytophagous
(not parasitic) ...... Tanaostigmatidae <Habits>; <Adults>
|
|
285b. With membranous area anterior to
midcoxal insertion (Fig.A)
|
|
287a (253b). Usually 1 mm. or longer; body often
metallic or dark in color; abdomennarrowly joined at propodeum (petiole may
or may not be apparent); tarsi always with 4 segments; postmarginal vein present or absent (Fig.A) ........... A.
|
|
287b. Usually 1 mm or less in length; body
mostly pale yellow to white, sometimes with dark markings
or wholly dark, but not metallic; abdomen broadly joined to propodeum;
postmarginal vein absent; tarsi usually with 3-5 segments (if 4 segments,
then club large and undivided or wing fringed with long setae, or middle
tarsi with only 4 segments) (Fig A)
|
|
288a (287a). Hind coxa greatly enlarged; posterior
scutellum with triangular, usually translucent flap
overhanging propodeum; hind tibia with irregular, linear, or diamond-shaped
patterns of
setae; prescutal sutures indistinct; tarsi with 4 segments; fore wing very
narrow, wedge-shaped and almost completely hairy, without outstanding
bristles; male antenna with 3 branches.......... (Fig.A); general appearance (Figs.A-E) ...... .A ...... Elasmidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Figs. 12
& 53)
|
|
288b.
Hind coxa not greatly enlarged (normal); posterior scutellum without
overhanging triangular flap; hind
tibia without irregular setal patterns; body ranges from minute to medium
size (Figs.A-D) (up to 6 mm long) .......... Eulophidae
.... <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
(Subfamilies: 289) (also Fig. 63)
|
|
289a (288b). Scutellum usually with 1 pair of
setae; submarginal vein with 2 dorsal bristles (except some
Neotropical genera with more); stigmal vein always very short and
postmarginal even shorter than stigmal; face usually with scrobal and
facial grooves; notaular grooves abruptly directed sideways and before the
bend at least shortly interrupted; fully winged (Fig.A) ......... A ...... Eulophidae
(Entedoninae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 63)
|
|
289b. Scutellum with 2 pairs of setae (rarely 3 or more);
submarginal with 3 or more setae (rarely with 1 or 2); face usually
without distinct grooves
|
|
290a (289b). Fore wing with bare area posterior to
marginal vein with single row of setae; usually with 2-3 "lines of setae" radiating
from stigmal vein; scutellum in dorsal view entire, without longitudinal
grooves, axillae on its sides separated by a depression which is not
visible dorsally (Fig.A); female abdomen with 2 dorsal plates
after the 6th (spiracle bearing),
these loose or only partly fused ....... A ....... Eulophidae
(Euderinae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 63)
|
|
290b. Fore wing usually evenly setose posterior to marginal vein
without row of setae; rarely with
any "lines of setae" radiating from stigmal, when present,
usually only one (Fig.A)
|
|
291a (290b). Postmarginal vein usually absent or
rudimentary; shiny scutellum often with paired submedian grooves that
divide the scutellum into 3 distinct pieces (Figs.A-B) ....... .A. ...…... Eulophidae
(Tetrastichinae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 63)
|
|
291b. Postmarginal vein present, stigmal vein usually moderately
long; submarginal vein at distal
end usually smooth curving into stigma (Fig.A); scutellum without submedian grooves,
rarely with lateral grooves, when present at extreme lateral margins,
scutellum usually
with 2 or more pairs of setae (Fig.A), in some
species with additional hairiness ..........
Eulophidae (Eulophinae) <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 63)
|
|
292a (287b). Tarsi with 3 segments, all segments
elongated and almost of same length (Fig.A); setae on
wings usually arranged in rows; stigmal vein usually elongated,
postmarginal vein absent (Fig.A);
antennae short (5-9 segments) (Fig.A) and with few
discernible funicular segments, male with elongated antennal
"setae."; body minute, rarely exceeding 1 mm in length, never
metallic (Figs.B-C); egg parasites ........ A ........ Trichogrammatidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniiles> (also Fig. 46)
|
|
292b. Tarsi with 4-5 segments; setae on
wings largely absent, evenly covering wings, or with only a few bare spots
or rows present; stigmal vein short and not obviously divergent from wing
margin; antennae variable, but usually with discernible funiclar segments
(if not, then with large undivided club) (Fig.A)
|
|
293a (292b). Propodeum without median triangular
area; scutellum (sc) not transverse (anterior, posterior sides not
parallel), axillae (ax) distinct from scutellum, rarely meeting medially;
club of antenna almost always segmented (a few species here have antennae
like Signiphoridae). Axillae (ax) do not meet medially,
generally widely separated; prescutal sutures (n) present and mostly far
apart, complete (Fig.A) and abdomen broadly sessile; fore wing
post marginal vein mostly absent; (antennal club in Eretmocerus large and undivided, tarsi with 4
segments); body usually less than
1 mm long, rarely 1.7 mm, always not metallic (Figs.B-H) ......... A .…...... Aphelinidae <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 62)
|
|
293b.
Propodeum with triangular median area (Fig.A); scutellum (sc) transverse (sides parallel),
fused with axillae and forming a narrow cross-belt or widely separated;
prescutal sutures complete but fine, linear; thorax smooth; club of antenna
elongated and not segmented; male antennae simple; fore wing not especially
narrow, basal 13rd mostly bare but with several very prominent
bristles; body small, hardly ever >1mm long, usually black and
depressed dorsally, always winged, abdomen broadly sessile (Figs.B-C) ........ Signiphoridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> (also Fig. 35)
|
Subfamilies
of Pteromalidae (especially
Australasian species):
Also see <nearct-2.key.htm>
|
294a (252a,
259a, 270b, 274a,b; 275a, 276a, 277a, 278a, 279a, 281a, 282a,b). Stigmal vein arising at
almost right angle (Fig.A) and longer than postmarginal vein
(dwarfed) sometimes with rudimentary wings); body not metallic, usually
yellowish or blackish, thorax along median line almost smooth and bare
except for paired setae (rarely more setae sublaterally), including rare
shortwinged forms; oral depression on back of head much constricted or
separated from foramen
magnum (=
opening on posterior side of head) by postgenal bridge (as in Fig.B); [tarsi sometimes with 4 segments;
antenna sometimes with one ring segment, number of other segments variable]
...... A...... non-Pteromalidae,
Agaonidae
(Epichrysomallinae) <Habits>;
<Adults>
|
|
294b. Stigmal vein at acute angle or, if rarely
approaching right angle (e.g., some Ormocerinae), then stigmal vein shorter
than postmarginal and thorax dorsally with distinct sculpture and extensively
hairy even in median line; back of head usually broadly open between oral depression
and foramen magnum; mostly quite different from that previously described; winged or
wingless
|
|
295a (294b). Narrowed base of antennal scape about
4X as long as broad (Fig.A), sockets wide apart
but close to mouth, antennal formula 1125(3); face collapsing so that eyes
come close together; body and appendages very slender, ovipositor long;
marginal vein at least 8X as long as the very short stigmal vein, but
postmarginal vein long (Fig.B) ....... A ......... Pteromalidae (Louriciinae) <Habits>; <Adults>
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295b. Narrowed base of scape hardly ever
longer than broad (exceptionally 2X so in Storeya), antennae different, also body and
venation different
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296a (295b). Antennal sockets situated on lower
margin of head (Fig.A-B), overhanging the mouth;
antenna 1171, (= with 7 funicular segments but no ring segments); head prognathous (= projecting forward) or almost;
abdomen on distinct petiole; marginal vein very long, stigmal and
postmarginal veins short. ......... A.
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296b. Sockets located at least slightly above mouth margin;
antennal formula usually different or venation different
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297a (296a). Body mainly yellowish; head and thorax
almost smooth; scutellum with fine out-curving sublateral lines; disc of
fore wing convex and almost bare, at stigma a group or tuft of black scales
(Fig.A); frons without median groove ........ A. ..…... Pteromalidae (Storeyinae) <Habits>; <Adults>
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297b. Body black or slightly metallic; at least thorax with some
distinct pits or wrinkles, often also head; scutellum without
sublateral lines but often with pitted frenal line (Fig.A); fore wing disc flat, pubescent, without
a tuft of scales; (frons with median pitted groove) (Figs.B-C) ........ Pteromalidae (Spalangiinae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles> [also see fly-par.htm
]
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298a (296b). Head almost prognathous or globose (Figs.A-B), with large ridge or tooth between
antennae, and with conspicuous occipital
carina (= ridge on
dorsal posterior head); body
and antennae shiny, latter without ring segments (one exception: (Fig.C); wings, if
not rudimentary, then not obviously hairy but with fine long
marginal fringe, sometimes with a
tuft at stigma, marginal vein fairly long but postmarginal and stigmal
veins short; [body yellowish to blackish, rarely with metallic gloss]
..…... A ......... .Pteromalidae (Cerocephalinae) <Habits>; <Adults>
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298b. Head either quite different, most orthognathous, (= with mouth directed ventrad),
or antennae
and wings different from previous
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299a (298b). Antennae with not more than one ring
segment and at least 12 segments (as in Fig.A, club counted as 3); sometimes proximal
flagellar segments gradually, even extensively
shortened, almost ring-like, but otherwise not different from distal ones (Figs.B-D).
......... A.
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299b. Antennae either with at least 2 true ring
segments (these clearly different from larger following
segments which bear sensilla), or with fewer than 12 segments (club
sometimes undivided but counted as 3 segments)
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300a (299a). Head somewhat cube-like and with
toothed parascrobal crests (Fig.A); pronotum in dorsal
view about 2X as long as broad, also petiole, legs and wings unusually long
and slender
(Fig.B); ovipositor protruding, long; antennae
with 13 segments, without ring
segments ......... A ......... Pteromalidae (Leptofoeninae) <Habits>;
<Adults>
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300b. Head at right angles to longitudinal axis and mostly
without toothed parascrobal crests, or other characters at least
partly different than previous
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