BASQUE
/ HEBREW ASSOCIATION *
A review derived from the following:
Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: An Introduction. Trafford Publ. Victoria, B.C., Canada.
ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p.
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Introduction
An ancient language form that
originated in the sub-Saharan African area of our most ancient civilizations
has been studied by Nyland (2001). He found that many
words used to describe names of places and things in Hebrew seem to be
closely related to the ancient language, which Nyland called Saharan, and which later was predated by the Igbo Language of West
Africa. Fortuitously, the Basque
Language is a close relative to the original Saharan. Following is a discussion of this
relationship:
Many Basque scholars,
such as Abbé Dominique Lahetjuzan, Abade Erroa and Abbé Diharce de
Bidassouet, that the words and names of the Hebrew language, and those used
in the Bible, were related to Basque, have suggested it. Nyland
(2001) found that the linguists who developed Hebrew, may have used the first letters of Saharan/Basque words starting with VCV in their
manipulations (see VCV Formula) However, they also used words starting with CV, especially in
the first syllable of the new word. Hebrew is a consonantal language, just
like Old Egyptian and Arabic, which means that all vowels were removed from
the word. To begin his research, Nyland
(2001) chose the central pillar of Judaism, The Talmud, for examples because this
document had been passed on to posterity with extreme care:
Tal-mud
tala - mudapen
look out - alteration
"Look out for alteration" or "Pass on
unaltered"
This definition
makes sense because the Talmud is the summary of the Oral Law of the Jews and
the only way to preserve an oral law throughout the ages is to make sure that
it is passed in unaltered condition.
It has the important advantage that the vowels were preserved in the
memorizing process. The Talmud has
two main components: the Mishnah,
a book of law (halakhah), and the Gemarah, which is the commentary on the Mishnah. The
Torah is the Pentateuch or law contained in the Old Testament.
Following are
some examples of the relationships that Nyland believed exists:
Gemara (to expand the
mind).ge-ema-ara
age-ema-ara
ageri - eman - aratz
revelation - to teach - pure
"Pure teachings of the Revelation"
Mishna (instruction)
mi-ix.-.na
umi-ixa-ana
umiltasun - ixartu - anaitegi
humbleness - to wake up - congregation
"In humbleness waking up the
congregation"
Torah (teaching)
.to-ora-ah,
oto-ora-aha
otoitzegin - orain - Ahalguzti
to pray to - always - Almighty
"Always pray to the Almighty"
The
vowel-interlocking of the VCV syllables is clearly maintained in many of
these words, proving that this linguistic trick was already in common use
around 600 B.C.
ILLUSTRATIONS
A large number of names and words
are associated with these books, a small sampling follows in no particular
order, with their present meanings in brackets.
Mekom petur (exempt location):
.me
- eko - om. .pe - etu - ur.
ome - eko - ome ape - etu - urra
omenka - ekonomo - omenezko apez - edukitza - urratu
according to - administrator - honorable priest - possession - to
violate
According to the honorable administrator you
are violating the priest's possession.
Reshut ha'rabim (public domain)
.reshu
- ut. ha - ara - abi -
im.
erresu - uti oha - arra - abi -
imi
erresuma - utikan ohar - arrapaladan - abiatu -
imintzio
the King's domain- get out!
warning - immediately - to depart - gesture
Get out of the King's land. Warning with
gesture: immediately depart!
Reshut ha'yahid (private domain)
reshu
- ut. ha ' .ja - ahi -
id.
erreshu
- uti ha ' oja - ahi - idu
erresuma - utikan hainbanatu ' ojanguren - ai -
iduki
the King's domain - get out! to subdivide - edge of the forest - desire - to
have
The King's land; Get out! I have a
desire to subdivide the land up to the edge of the forest.
Karmelit (semi-developed
areas on which there are certain restrictions)
.ka
- ar. - .me - eli - it.
uka - are - eme - eli - ita
ukan - arrera - emekiro - elizlur - itxaro
to have - welcoming - quiet - piece of holy ground - to wish, hope
I hope to have a welcoming, quiet parcel of
holy land.
Vedok (continue to examine the matter)
ve
- edo - ok.
be - edo - oki
beharbada - edonoiz - okitu
perhaps - some time - to complete.
Perhaps sometime to be completed.
Kelim (types of utensils)
.ke
- eli - im.
ike - eli - imi
ikertu - elikadura - imini
to examine - food - to serve
Examine the food to be served.
Midot (measurements of the
temple).
mi
- ido - ot.
mi - ido - oto
miatu - idoro - otoiztegi
to examine - to discover - place to pray/temple
Examine the discovered temple.
Berakhot (prayers)
.be
- era - ak. - ho - ot.
be - era - aka - aho - oto
bedeinkapen - eraspen - akabu - ahoeder - otoi
blessing - devotion - perfect - eloquent - prayer
Blessings (through) perfect devotion and
eloquent prayers.
Demai (doubtfully tithed produce)
.de
- ema - ai
ide - ema - ai
idetu - emaitza - ai
to compare - produce - I want
I want to compare the produce.
Ma'aserot (tithes for the
Levites and the poor)
.ma
- ase - ero - ot.
ama - asetu - erozgai - otzara
mother - to feed - groceries - basket
Mother feeds us with a basket of groceries.
Ma'aser Sheni (the second tithe
and bringing it to Jerusalem)
.ma'
ase - er. ' xe - eni
ama - ase - eri ' xe - eni
ama - asetu - erri ' xede - eni
mother - to feed - common people - objective - to me
Mother (said): to feed the common people is my
objective.
Orlah (prohibition against harvesting trees)
or.
- .la - ah.
ori - ila - aha
orritza - ilaundu - ahai
foliage - to destroy - anger
Angry about the destruction of the foliage.
Iruvin (laws of permissible
limits)
iru
- ubi - in.
iru - ubi - ino
irudigurtza - ubil - inolaz
worshiping of idols - whirlpool - absolutely unacceptable
Worshiping of idols and the whirlpool is
absolutely unacceptable.
The whirlpool refers
to the place where the prince/king (Tammuz) went to his voluntary death, in
the First Cataract of Egypt or in the Bagloya Defile on the Tigris river in
Iraq. These sacrifices used to take place on Hallowmas (possibly November 1,
see Ezekiel 8:14).
Shekalim (shekel dues for the
temple)
xe
- eka - ali - im
xedatu - ekarpen - alik - imini
to decide - contribution - possible - to deposit/to give
Decide what contribution it is possible to
give.
Yoma (sacrifices and the fast of Yom
Kippur)
.jo
- oma
ajolatu - oma
to be concerned - grandmother
Grandmother is concerned.
Betza (general festival
laws)
.be
- et. - .za
ebe - eti - iza
ebertar - etika - izan
Hebrew - ethics - nature
The nature of Hebrew ethics.
Taanit (fast days)
.ta
- ani - it.
ota - ani - itxi
otamen - animalia - itxi
mouthful/eating - animal - to stop
Stop eating animal (meat).
Purim (festival)
.pu
- uri - im.
ipu - urri - imi
ipuinondore - urrikalmendu - imitagarri
morality - mercy - examplary
Be an example of morality and mercy.
Megillah (laws of Purim)
.me
- egi - il. - .la
ome - egi - ila - ala
omen - egia - ilarteko - alabehar
honor - truth - lifetime - destiny
A lifetime of truth and honor is your destiny.
Hagigah (rules for
pilgrimage festivals)
.ha
- agi - iga - ah.
iha - agi - iga - aha
ihaute - agindu - igandetu - ahalegindu
festival - to promise - to dress up - to try
I promise to try to dress up for the festival.
Nashim (restrictions on
marriage)
.ne
- asi - im.
ona - asi - imi
onarpen - asialdi - imitagarri
recognition - beginning - exemplary
Recognition for an exemplary beginning.
Kiddushin (Marriage Act)
.ki
- id. - .du - us. - .hi - in.
uki - ide - edu - utzi -ingu
ukigabe - ide - eduki - utzi - inguratu
untouched/virgin - companion - to hold - to
authorize - to embrace
You are authorized to hold the virgin for companion and to embrace
her.
Gittin (divorce)
.gi
- it. - .ti - in.
egi - itu - uti - ino
egingabe - itun - utikan - inorenganatu
undone - agreement - go away! - to alienate
The agreement is undone, go away, I alienate
you.
Nedarim (types of vows)
ne
- eda - ari - im.
neurritasun - edan - ariarazi - imitagarri
moderation - to drink - to be doing something - exemplary
Moderation in drinking is setting a good
example.
Nazir (nazirite laws)
.na
- azi - ir.
ena - azi - ire
-ena - azienda - irestzaile
(superlative) - wealth - destructive
Great wealth is destructive.
Avo'dah Zarah (keeping one's
distance from idolaters)
abo
' da za - ara - ah.
abonau ' damu zapuzkarri - araokari - ahalkegabe
proclaim ' repentance stay aloof - idolater - bold
Proclaim your repentance and stay aloof of the
bold idolater.
Avot (ethics)
abo
- ot.
abonau - otoi
to voice - prayer
Voice your prayers.
Zevahim (laws of sacrifice)
.ze
- eba - ahi - im.
ize - eba - ahi - imi
izeki - ebakin - ai - imini
to burn - cut grass/harvest - strong desire - to serve/sacrifice
I have a strong desire to sacrifice some of
the harvest by burning.
Kinim (mixing of
sacrifices)
kini
- im.
kiniela - imintze
betting/taking chances - the act of sacrificing
Taking chances with the sacrificing.
Toharot (purity)
.to
- oha - aro - ot.
ito - oha - aro - oto
itoi - ohar - -aro - otordu
filthy/impure- warning - all - meal/food
Warning (against) all impure foods.
Oholot (laws of the
uncleanliness of the dead)
oho
- olo - ot.
ohoratu - olo - otordu
to praise - oats - mealtime
Praise oatmeal at mealtime. (What does that refer to?)
Menahot (meal offerings)
.me
- ena - aho - ot.
ome - ena - aho - oto
omendatu - -ena - ahoeder - otoi
to praise God - (superlative) - eloquent - prayer
Praise God greatly with eloquent prayers.
Baba Batra (laws on
partnership and sales)
.ba
- aba .ba - atra
ba - aba eba - atra
babesegin - abantaila ebatzi - atralaka
to protect - advantage to decide - dispute
Protect your advantage. Decide the dispute.
Baba Kama (direct and
indirect damages)
ba
- aba .ka - ama
ba - aba ika - ama
babesegin - abantaila. ikararazi - ama
to protect - advantage. to terrorize
- mother
Protect your advantage. Mother was terrorized.
Baba Metzia (laws on losses,
loans and work)
ba
- aba .me - et. - .zi - i.a
ba - aba ame - ete - ezi - iha
babesegin - abantaila amestu - etekin - ezinobe - ihalozkatu
to protect - advantage to dream - profit - excellent - to wallow in
Protect your advantage. I dream about
excellent profits to wallow in.
Keritot (sins requiring
extirpation)
.ke
- eri- ito - ot.
ike - eri - ito - oto
ikertu - eriozkortasun - itotzaile - otoikatu
to examine - fatality - murderer - to beg
The murderer begged to have the fatality
(re)examined.
Me'ilah (sins against
temple property)
.me
- ila - aho
mesprezuzko - ilargijo - ahogaizto
disrespectful - lunatic - bold
Disrespectful bold lunatic.
Makot (punishment by
flagellation)
.ma
- ako - ot.
ema - ako - oto
eman - akorduan euki - otoi
to hit/whip - to remember - prayer
When whipped, remember your prayers.
Eduyot (testimonies on
various subjects)
edu
- ujo - ot.
edukitsu - uiol - otalurmendiak
powerful - flood - wild mountains
A powerful flood from the mountains.
Horayot (erroneous rulings
of the courts and their rectification)
.ho
- ora - aio - ot.
uho - orra - aio - ota
uholdesko - orratio - aiol - otalurmendiak
torrential rain - surprise - flood - wild mountains
Torrential rains (caused) a surprise flood
(from) the wild mountains.
Nezekin (laws on damages)
.ne
- eze - eki - in.
ene - eze - eki - ina
-enea - ezereztu - ekinalean - inarroskatu
possession - to destroy - as much as possible - to agitate
Property destroyed? Agitate as much as
possible.
Knesset Gedolah (Great Assembly)
k.
- .ne - es. - .se - et.
ke - ene - ese - ese - eta
-keto - eneganatu - eseri - esetsi - etapa
(denoting action) - come to me - sit down - to argue - stage
Come to the action, take a seat and argue from
the stage .......
ge - edo - ola - aho
gerizatu - edonolako - ola - aholkularitza
to help/speak for - the common man - cabin/house - council
to speak for the common man in the Council's
house.
Sofer (writer)
.so
- ofe - er.
eso - obe - eri
esonde - obeagotu - erri
advice - to improve/inform - common people
He gives advice to inform the common people.
Ma'aseh Bereshit (act of creation)
.ma - ase - eh. be - ere - esi - it.
emaitza - ase - ehi bedeinkagarri - eredu -
ezinobe - itxaro
produce - abundance - they say blessed - example - supreme
- faith
An abundance of produce, they say, is a
blessed example of supreme faith.
Ma'aseh Merkavah (Divine Chariot)
.ma - ase - eh. merka - aba - ah.
emaitza - ase - ehi
merkatalgo - abantaila - ahal
produce - abundance - they say commerce -
advantage/promote - I hope
I hope that an abundance of produce will
promote commerce.
Tohorot (various laws of
purification)
.to
- oho - oro - ot.
eto - oho - oro - oto
etor - ohoratu - oroegile - otoi
come! - to praise - Creator - prayer
Come and praise the Creator with prayers.
Nidah (ritual impurity of
the woman)
ni
- ida - ah.
nirekiko - idatzi - ahalke
for myself - to document/keep record - shame
I keep record of this shame for myself.
Yadaim (unclean hands)
.ja
- ada - im.
jakinezin - adarrasartu - imintze
unknowingly - deceived - offering
Unknowingly deceived by the offering.
Uktz'kin (things susceptible
to uncleanliness)
uk.
- .tz ' kin
uku - utzi ' kin
ukurtu - utzi ' kiniela
go bad/unclean - to leave it ' betting/taking chances
It is unclean, leave it alone, you are taking
chances.
Zavim (gonorrhea)
.za
- abi - im.
aza - abi - imi
azalkeratu - abiatu - imintze
to manifest/become evident - to begin - act of offering
When it (the gonorrhea) becomes evident, begin the act of
offering.
Kibutzim (collective)
.ki
- ib. ' utzi - im
aki-ibi ' utzi - imi
akiarazi - ibili ' utzi - imatz
to exhaust - to work ' to leave - home
Too exhausted from work to leave home.
Mosad (institution, secret
service)
.mo
- osa - ad.
amo - osa - adi
amoltsu - osalari - adibide
caring - doctor - advice
The caring doctor gives advice.
Jezebel,
je
- eze - ebe - el.
je - eze - ebe - ele
jentil - ezetsiz - ebertar - eleizakoak
pagan - disdainful - Hebrew - sacraments
(This) pagan is disdainful of Hebrew
sacraments.
Jerusalem,
je - eru - usa - ale - em.
je - eru - usa - ale - ema
jentil - errukigabe - usadio - alegia -
emankortasun
pagan - cruel - custom - fake - fertility
Cruel pagan
custom (to achieve) fake fertility.
(refers
to crucifixion, see Ezekiel 8: 14 ).
Bethlehem,
.be
- et. - .h. - .le ' he - em.
abe - eto - oha - ale ' he - emo
abelaska - etorberri - ohartzaile - alegera ' heben - emoi
manger - newborn - councillor/wise man - rejoicing/glorifying ' here –
gift
The newborn is in the manger. The wise men are
here glorifying with gifts.
Apocalypse,
apo
- oka - ali - ipu - usa
apokeria - okastagarri - alienazio - ipuinezko - usario
filthy deed - disgusting - the killing of a person - legendary - tradition
The disgusting and filthy killing of a person
in legendary tradition.
(This refers again to the
voluntary sacrifice of the prince/king in the First Cataract (Egypt) or the
Bagloya Defile (Iraq) or on the cross in Jerusalem.)
Halle'lujah
.ha
- al. - .le ' lu - uja - ah.
aha - ala - ale ' lu - uja - aho
ahalguzti - alaiki - alegera ' luzatu - uja - ahostaku
Almighty - happily - rejoicing - to prolong - shout of joy - to utter
Happily rejoicing in the Almighty by uttering
prolonged shouts of joy.
Amen,
ame
- en.
ame - en.
ametsetsi - ene
to idealize - exclamation
Exclamation of idealization.
_______
Conclusions
Although Hebrew
scholars do not agree, Nyland (2001) concluded that most every Hebrew word or name appears to
have a built-in hidden sentence in Basque, usually having a bearing on the
original meaning. Many words have been distorted over time and can no longer
be decoded with confidence, but the majority can be translated, just as was
done in the examples above. Nyland believed that skilled linguists
applied formulaic manipulation to the
Saharan/Basque vocabulary, which he thought must have have been the language
of the Hebrews as they came from Egypt ca 1,100 bce.. It is written in
Genesis 11:7 "Let us confuse their language so they can no longer
understand one another's speech", this was taken as a biblical command
and Hebrew was the product of this "confusion". Genesis 11:9 then
tells us that this linguistic work was done in Babylon. Lahetjuzan and the
other early Basque scholars were right after all
that Hebrew is most probably related to the Saharan/Basque
antecedent.
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