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Table 2. Classification of the Invertebrates

2020 Alternative Organization

Kingdom: Animalia Subkingdom Parazoa Porifera = sponges Placozoa = primitive (Trichoplax adhaerens) Subkingdom Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) Ctenophora= comb jellies Cnidaria= cnidarians Bilateria (unranked) Orthonectida = orthonectids Rhombozoa = primitive roundworms Acoelomorpha = like flatworms (primitive) Chaetognatha = arrow worms Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata= primitive vertebrates Hemichordata= deuterostomes Echinodermata= starfish, brittle stars Xenoturbellida = primitive deuterostome Vetulicolia = extinct group Protostomia (unranked) Superphylum Ecdysozoa Kinorhyncha = mud dragons Loricifera = microscopic marine sediment Priapulida = priapulid worms Nematoda= roundworms, nematodes Nematomorpha= horsehair worms Lobopodia = stem group of arthropods Onychophora = claw bearers Protracheata Tardigrada = water bears, moss piglets Arthropoda= insects, mites, spiders, etc.

Superphylum Platyzoa Platyhelminthes = flat worms Gastrotricha= hairy backs Rotifera= wheel animals Acanthocephala= thorny & spiny-headed worms Gnathostomulida = jaw worms Micrognathozoa = very tiny in mineral springs Cycliophora = Symbion spp.lobster parasites Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Sipuncula = peanut worms Hyolitha = conical shells Nemertea (Nemertinea) = ribbon or probosis worms Phoronidea= horseshoe worms Bryozoa= Ectoprocta Entoprocta = sessile, goblet-shaped animals Brachiopoda= valved marine animals Mollusca= snails, slugs, clams, etc. Annelida= ringed worms Echiura = echiurans <Bibliography> Citations Sample Examinations Invertebrate Classification