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EXAMINATION
& EXERCISES #4 For The AMOEBOZOA, ZYGOMYCOTA, ASCOMYCOTA
& BASIDIOMYCOTA (Contact)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Fill in the blanks and answer questions
briefly in the spaces provided. 1.
Racquet mycelium and cleistothecia with poorly defined or rudimentary peridia are
encountered in the family of the order __________________. The Deuteromycetous forms known as Dermatophytes are
believed to be closely related to this Ascomycetous family because
_________________________________, The Dermatophytes are
of interest and
importance because ______________________., 2.
Distinguish between "periplasm" and "epiplasm". 3.
Describe the imperfect stage of a typical powdery mildew. 4.
What are "Sooty Molds" and in what geographical area do
these predominate? Give an
example of a sooty mold. 5. For each of the items in
the column at the left select from the column at the right the one fungus or
fungal group which best fits that item, and enter the number of the selected organism
or group in the appropriate blank:
6.
Specialists have long been impressed by the basic similarities between Taphrina
and certain members or the Basidiomycota. What kind of
basidiomycete, in particular, does Taphrina
resemble? Specify what some of the points of similarity are. 7.
Discuss the nature, occurrence, and mode of action of spermatia
in the fungi. 8.
The majority of the species assigned to the Heterobasidiomycetes
are plant pathogens. whereas very few of the Homobasidiomycetes are known to incite plant
disease. List other points or contrast between these two sub- Classes of the Basidiomycota. 9.
State how one would proceed to cross an albino "A" strain
with a conidial "B" strain of Neurospora
sitiphila if, at the same time it was desired to obtain the perithecia
in a str1cUy localized area of the culture dish. In what proportion would albinos be expected to occur among the
progeny of' such a cross? Would it be
surprising to find that an the albinos from a single ascus
produced in the cross were of "B" reaction? Explain in some detail. 10.
By labeled sketches indicate exactly where karyogamy occurs in Synchytrium,
Phytophthora, Rhizopus, Pyronema, Ustilago and Irpex. 11.
Compare Pyrenomycetes, Discomycetes, Rusts, Smuts, and
Homobasidiomycetes in regard to the nature and extent of the dicaryophase. 12.
What is a "yeast"?
Distinguish between "sporogenous yeasts and "asporogenous
yeasts", between "haplobiontic yeasts" and "diplobiontic yeasts." List four families to which yeasts of
various kinds are assigned. 13.
Taphrina, Protomyces, Ustilago and Dacrymyces,
although not "yeasts" regularly have a "yeast phase" and
in culture may closely resemble yeasts. To what orders and classes do these four
genera belong? 14.
Suppose that all fungi (Eumycophyta) suddenly disappeared from the
earth. Consider the immediate and the
long-range ramifications or this event, on humans. 15.
Heterosporangium gracilie incites a common leafspot disease of
Iris. Even though had you never heard
or this fungus before,
to learn that Heterosporium is a member of the
Dematiaceae-Phragmosporae should provide substantial information about it. What does this tell you? 12.
What is the basis for the belief that the Dermatophytes are closely
related to the Gymnoascaceae? 17.
List several fungi that parasitize insects. 18.
List several fungi that parasitize other fungi and specify the hosts. 19.
Forcible discharge of certain reproductive bodies is common in some
genera of fungi, e.g." Pilobolus, Nuurospora, Entomophthora, Urnula, Sphaerobolus, Sporobolomyces,
etc. Indicate the
order to which each named genus belongs, and in each case state what structure it
is that is discharged. 20.
List all the orders of fungi (Eumycophyta) in which zoospores are
found. 21.
Name four families of' the Eumycophyta all known members of
which are obligate parasites. 22.
Prepare a dichotomous key to the orders or the
Heterobasidiomycetes. 23. List some fungi (Eumycopbyta) that are intracellular parasites. 24.
What kinds of spores are produced by demicyclic rusts? Give an example of a heteroecious
demicyclic rust. 25.
Of what special importance is each of the following? Tuber, Polyporaceae, Amanita,
Chaetomium, Aspergillus,
Ashbya 26.
Certain genera in the Melampsoraceae produce their aecia on pine
trees. What are these genera and how
can you distinguish one from another macroscopically on the
pine host? |