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"VOWEL-CONSONANT-VOWEL" (VCV) DICTIONARY A review derived from the following: Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: An Introduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada. ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p. Next►
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Also
called the Grammarian's Dictionary.
It was in this form that the Benedictine grammarians used the dictionary in
their scriptoria to manipulate and agglutinate the original Saharan/Basque
vocabulary in their efforts to create the Indo-European languages of Western
Europe. Sixteen consonants are the basis of this organization, each of which
is subdivided into 25 different VCV's for a total of 400 VCV's. Double R was
used as another consonant, adding 25 more VCV's, for a total of 425, of which
ca.107 were reserved for future expansion of the VCV dictionary, but never
used (see Nyland’s (2001) VCV Formula)
The grammarians apparently had made up cards for the 300+ VCV's which
had meanings associated. Each card showed one VCV in large letters, with the
varied meanings written under it in small letters. These cards were then laid
out a large table with the interlocking vowels forming pairs of cards. This
provided the grammarians not only with an enormous number of vocabulary
possibilities but also creative entertainment. If a specific word needed to
be assembled, a definition or related comment was written and the appropriate
word cards arranged. New words would often be accidentally invented which had not yet been called for. In this
manner a very large vocabulary was invented with many duplicating words. The
result was that English now has so many words that the language needs a
thesaurus to keep them all available and alive. It is the only language with
such a thesaurus. The
following is a simplified version of the dictionary developed by Nyland (2001). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE
OGAM / BASQUE DICTIONARY OF VCV WORDS BASQUE
WORDS WHERE THE SECOND LETTER IS A CONSONANT The following are
Basque words in which the second letter from the left is as shown at the
beginning of the list. (e.g., ABA (2nd letter is a
"B"). The first and last
letter of the word is either spelled as a noun or sounds like one. CLICK on letter to locate Igbo words
with specific consonant: (Note: All Basque words are in Bold-faced Green): B, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, aR, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B
ABA. priest, rectory, occasion, chance, opportunity,
slingshot, advantage, surpass, rower, almost, branch, shade. ABE. support, cross, receive, hospitable, animal, manger,
stable, cattle, race, fertile, elegant, wealth, rich, brutality, patriotic, choir, concert, to sing. ABI. nest, speed, hurry, departure, impulsive,
start, walk, talent, to begin, skillful. ABO. voice, approve of, lawyer, to proclaim, to shout out. ABU. opinion, agree, to express a thought. EBA. cut, slice, harvest, remnant, evaluation, evangelist,
gospel, fraud, plunder, hide-out, thief, to decide. IBA. river, lowland,
confluence, shore, ferry, valley. IBE. to
place, to put on, to introduce, act of putting on. IBI. to
ford or cross or walk or trip, route, roadmap, to run, vagabond, nomadic,
impassible, to behave or act, trecede, wade, be, or go. OBA. better, naturally, improvement. UBA. cormorant. D
ADA. noise, to mend, patch, horn, branching, to tease, to
gore, firewood, deceive, long hair, ramification, trumpet sound. ADE. temple, rude, gentle, adorn, courteous, to prepare. ADI. watch out, announce, interpret, advice, meaning,
suggestive, sign, symbol, logical,care-less, dumb, intelligent,
judgment, friendly, to explain,
understanding, be careful. ADO. courage, bravery, stimulate, agree, worship. ADU. slobber, luck, to be charmed. EDA. to drink, thirst, drunk, glass, poison, potable.
IDA. to write, subject of writing, document, clerk. ODA. N.A. UDA. summer, spring, autumn, dog days, pear. F
AFA. happy, pleasing, supper, mealtime. EFA. N.A. IFA. north, north wind. UFA. panting, scornful, to blow, to stink. G
AGA. long
pole/stick, abundance, hitting, to lash, to whip. AGE. agency, rod,
notorious, symbol, sign, to declare, document, public, revelation, obvious,
sample, discovery, to appear,
honest, view. blame. EGA. wing, to fly, to evaporate, edge, escape, protection,
thirsty, anxiety, aircraft, shelter, to favour.
(something), to undo, bargain, action, to convince.
throw, to nurse, rest, to
vomit, to expel. sunlight, east wind, to burn,
sunset. IGA. fruit, to rise, sunday, dress up, wilted, sign, prophet, to
guess, to travel, bearable, tolerant, to notice, last year, dead, unpredictable, Sunday. IGE. frog, to plaster, mason, to swim, to float, escape, to
evade. OGA. wealth, property. UGA. abundant, fruitful, to abound, bountiful, breast,
stepchild, parent. H
AHA. I hope, perhaps, anger, argument, power, trial, capable,
attempt, possible, almighty, shame, bold, shy, mouthful, to forget, injury, ram, yawn,
dirt, duck, to bark.
to pronounce, to bridle, to mention, spoken language,
chaff, to exaggerate, to yawn, to kneel down, to deceive, to utter.
auek = these ones) EHA. N.A. but often used as ea, the emphasis of an indirect question. IHA. almost, jovial, expertise, dry, wallow, answer,
frightened, argue, spend time, carnival, to scatter, to discuss. (ia= almost,
cheerful, hardly)
OHA. bed, concubine, warning, comment, thoughtful,
spontaneous, distracted, attention, look- out, counselor. UHA. belt, pebble, coast, flood, deluge, to fasten, water
tower, riverbed, turbidity, island, to turn yellow, floodgate, lettuce. J
AJA. ha-ha-ha,
laughter. EJA. N.A. IJA.
N.A. OJA. edge of the forest. UJA. N.A. (uha = archipelago) K
AKA. the end, death, ultimate, to argue, notched, defective,
chip, fault, perfect, superior, to end a life. EKA. substance, solstice, storm, to be used to, bringer,
transport, contribution, to bring. IKA. familiar, fright, terror, enormous, timid, to terrorize,
teachings, example, to learn, student, class, coal, fig trees, horror.
spectator, to visit, to
wash, bucket, hostility. OKA. overfull, nausea, satiety, to vomit, bellyful, plum,
occasional, disgust, despise, plentiful. UKA. hand, sock, boxer, forearm, pummel, elbow, to have,
possession, wrist, to deny. L
ALA. in that way, even so, as, so-so, daughter, indeed,
however, fate, casual, amen, fatally, I swear to, happy, similar,
sudden, wire fence, outcry, widow, to
cause pain, miracle, feeding, widow, to fill with joy, destiny, necessary.
abundance, total, barn,
threshing.
ELA. story, word, novel, talkative, swallow, elastic. ILA. dead, month, hair, pea, in a row, to murder, moon,
lunatic, tombstone, lifetime, white ash, to destroy, to weaken.
grave yard, funeral, complaint,
mourner, everlasting.
OLA. factory, foundry, cabin, plank, octopus, sledge, like
this, canopy, wave, just like this. ULA. N.A. M
AMA. mother, Priestess, Goddess, 11, 12, 15, two weeks, end,
many, to destroy, grandmother, rope, to fasten, to lace, cunning, decade, to turn off, to
quench, spoiled child, endless.
annoy, wrath, refund, blunt.
EMA. female, vagina, prostitute, to calm, lust, result,
generous, lady, to give, to hit, receipt, emission, performance, fruitful,
to abduct, wife,
single, to get married, to produce, to teach. IMA. statue, image, sculpture, magnet, wicker, wattle, idol. OMA. grandma, house of Oma. UMA. child, pregnant, procreation, fertile, birth, mature,
ripening. N
ANA. brother, congregation, religious order, civil war,
anarchy, anatomy, to unite. (aña = wet nurse) ENA.
to swallow, that, -superlative. ENE. my, exclamation (pain, surprise), property, in me, to me,
to attract to me, come to me, when, my dear, before, always, since. INA. hail, to swallow, to agitate, to shake, to open, to trim,
pruning.
INU. to nurse, sunset, evening, twilight, ant, heath, prickly,
tingle, inspiring, thunder, stupid. ONA. here, closer, prosperity, unacceptable, welcome,
approval, admit.
piety, advantageous, improve, to
come here, to accept, to praise, decent, tolerant, honesty, blessing,
charity, right now, reconciliation.
UNA. boredom, annoyance, dull, cowherd, fatigue. P
APA. kiss, sit down, to cook, elegant, ornament, to make up,
bathroom, to organize, luxury, priest, humble, shelving, dinner guest, ravine, meek, poverty, foam,
special, hoof, spongy.
EPA. decision, trial, court, judge, to cut, sentence.
bottom, glowworm, kinglet,
short of time.
IPA. north, polar, N.W., Nordic, northern. OPA desire, offering, sacrifice, gift, rich, abundant, to
wish for, to give.
aR
ARA. there, proportion, according to, to adapt, to conform,
agreement, apt, adequate, meat, lustful, scraped, carnivorous, butcher, to assimilate, sexual,
farther, curious, massacre, spider, plum, echo, prong, towards here, thorny,
curse, exorcise, interval, immediate, mediator, closet, duck,
corrupt, pure, job, employ, worried, refine.
shouting, boastful, to
complain, careful, eagle, arrogant, weep, disorderly, plunder, greed,
hastily, capture, rare, to drag, rat, evening, oar, egg,
row, yawn, race, breed, reason, absurd, arbitrary, stone, infrequent.
ARE. even so, sand, more, to grow, rake, those, like
that, his/her, approach, enemy hostility, recent, cover with sand.
equipment, kind, from then
on. ARI. mission, thread, to him/her, wire, active, until,
exercise, wound, soul, ruthless, light, hasten, escape, race,
thoughtless, pertinent, oak grove.
to pave. ARO. weather, season, epoch, all, carpenter,
blacksmith, forge. ARU. toward, farther, movement, to wander. eR
ERA. manner, appearance, opportunity, cause, to decide,
sentence, entirely, reform, polite, use, profit, to move, available, nonsense, exercise, effective,
promote, influence, trouble, builder, murder, milk, scatter, active, method,
sample, education, explain, to
spend, patience, to suffer, sticky,
attack, devotion, murmur, according to, convenient, ring (on finger), agitation, to carry.
to wander, sting, to sweep,
destructive, to burn, to cremate, negligence, easy. ERE. too, as well, example, statue, ideal, to sow, to scatter,
laurel wreath, wasteland, wilderness, hymn, occasion, side, indulging.
law, king, region, prayer,
kingdom, stream, south wind, stream, care, to claim, corrosive, cure, to
remedy, blacksmith's shop, tool, tugboat, charity,
growl, cripple, refund, to surrender, row, limp, renter, roual road, tolling
bells, slowly, to reserve, respect,
result, to retire, argument, touchy, simple, suspicious, welcome. ERI. sickness, finger, vigil, noxious, death, recovery, agony,
fatal, to have an opinion, unanimous, to compare, common, to think, to call, to spill, to flow.
people, castor oil. ERO. crazy, every, carrier, to suffer, to tolerate, patience,
transport, insane, to decline, ruin, risky, to fall, to die, slide, to
cause, to buy and sell, merchandise,
bribe, to redeem, comfort, mourning, store, basket, erotic.
robust, to settle,to take
root, secure. ERU. N.A.
abundant, to accuse. iR
IRA. profession, profitable, to earn, to grow up,
lucrative, victorious, paying, to mix, to make, suggestion, bargeman, migratory, to spend time, to suffer,
past, durable, constant, safe conduct, profit, warning, to announce, filter,
offense, to injure, to leave, shot,
school day, education, teacher, school, boiling, fervor, enraging, passion,
reading, print, to stick, ghost, exciting, to wake up, to
upset, to plow, revolt, to endure, perishable, patient, firmness, to ignite.
IRE. your, opener, to open, to dig, hole, crack,
to devour, destructive, to swallow, to absorb, to ruin. IRI. town, city, to open, civic, to pulverize, wasteful, to
squander, achievement, to acquire, to arrive, to get, to judge, opinion, agreement, moderator,
unanimous.
sled, to yearn for, sarcastic. IRO. reproach, toilet, manure pile,
outhouse, garbage dump, irony, culvert. IRU. 3, three sided, image, picture, to seem, to resemble,
symbol, conceivable, worship idols, to simulate, false belief, to represent, to appear, trimester, trio, weaver, to
reverse, clover, one third, 60, 70, 300, fraud, trick, deceit, cheat, crook.
oR
ORA. dog, filling, present, now, modern,
yet, right now, to catch, to grab always, update. ORE. putty, dough, deer, mole (on skin),
beauty mark, balance, aerialist, hour, o'clock, to watch, dentist. ORI. that, yellow, gold colored, except,
pale, to paint, freckle. ORO. all, every, also, in addition, totality, similar, to
unify, to monopolize, to buy up, to hoard, Creator, monument, memory, to remind, universal, moss,
ambitious.
ORU. lower part of ground, building
site, lot, place of oats. uR
URA. he, she, that one, him, her, watery,
bank of the river, to flood, ocean, watered wine, to float, washbasin, sugar
water.
a law, lettuce. URE. waterfowl, boiled water, water carrier, nobility,
dropsy, warm water, runny nose, irrigation ditch, riverbank, flood, aquatic, water, to launch, beach resort, by the
sea, to dilute.
URI. city, communal forest, low tide,
butter, grease, urban. stink, freely, gratis, female animal, grove of
hazel trees. URO. irrigation canal, brick casing, water pipe,
marsh hen, cistern, reservoir, cold water. URU. flower, to dip in flower. S
ASA. ancestor, to
go away, to reject, shocking, agitation, excitement, revolt, to disturb,
scared, alarm, to get angry, to annoy, enraged. ESA. to say, expression, witty, wise, phrase, speaker, gossip,
weaving back and forth, to relate, meaning, lecture, moral of the story.
to surround, to
gather, round-up. ESO. advice.
ISA. blow with a broom, long-tailed, short-tailed, broom,
furze, gorse, tail. OSA. to get well, uncle, unfinished, therapy, composition,
incurable, component, health, doctor, healer, sick, integrity, perfection, hospital, to unify.
.
USA. dove, usage, usual, get used to, sense of smell,
suspicion, to guess, to stink, to smell, aroma, custom, habit, to use,
holy man. USE.
to sneeze. USI.
to sneeze. T
ATA. door, drummer, litel, main entrance, exterior, fragment, simple,
to divide, whole, member, integral part, evergreen forest, advantage, benefit,
introduction.
clear, calm, shelter, door to door, to stretch.
ETA. and, abundance, era, stage.
in, fragile, breaking point.
eloquence, to adapt to, to
agree, inspiration.
ITA. harvest with sickle, leak, drip, manger, to ask,
interrogation, to question; ITXA: hope, trust,
to await, have faith in
murderer.
origin, senseless. OTA. gorse, stubble, crumb, basket, lobster, prawn, mouthful,
bite, wild mountains. UTA. N.A. X
AXA. N.A. EXA. N.A. IXA.
pruning, to wake up. OXA. N.A. UXA. to shoo away, beating for game. Z
AZA. cabbage, bark of tree, skin, water surface, shallow,
make-up, explanation, to scar, to appear, to warn, to discover, crust, to show, manifest, to cover,
difficult to explain, proposal, insincere, to peel, noise, planting season,
sheaf, furrow, to dare.
EZA. lack, shortness, negative, cancellation, to erase,
signal, judgment, one who knows, knowledge, reason, evident, to introduce, to guess, to
recognize, ugly, to silence, to omit, founder, distinctive, discussion.
to omit, to deny, disdain, fragile, unknown,
except, not only, negative response.
impatient, excellent, supreme, grudge, ill-will,
unbearable, inability, undeniable, precarious, nickname.
IZA. nature, creation, character, to be, to exist, reality,
past, entity, in fact, except, it will be, co-exist, procedure, star,
celebrity, moderation, to twinkle, island,
identity, inborn.
OZA. cold,
insolent, arrogant. UZA*. churlish, unkind, to drive away/off. A similar list can be made up for
the many VCCV's such as azka, etxe, izki, ospe,
uste, uzke, etc. Keep in
mind that the "s" and "z" are frequently mixed up and
therefore both must be tried to select the proper translation. |