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EUPELMIDAE
Eupelmidae have about 850 species in 45 genera worldwide. Although superficially Eupelmidae are considered as a valid group. The family is based on morphological character evidence is likely to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic with respect to the Encyrtidae and Tanaostigmatidae. Calosotinae, Neanastatinae and Eupelminae are each hypothesized as monophyletic in spite of their status as a grade-level taxon. But, Gibson thinks Calosotinae is paraphyletic in Encyrtidae and Tanaostigamatidae. Eupelmidae can be recognized by the following combination of characters (Gibson, 1997): mesotibial spur long, inner margin of the eyes divergent, protibia with dorsoapical spicules, tarsi 5-segmented, forewing with relatively long marginal vein, mesocoxa arising posterior to midline of the mesopleuron, mesopleuron enlarged and convex, and mesotibia with or without apical pegs. Eupelminae are recognized from other Eupelmidae groups by the following characters: membranous region between mesepisterna and anterior mesocoxa in ventral view, in females mesotarsus with row of pegs along both edges or with dense pads of setae; acropleuron completely extended to metapleuron; mesoscutum with V-shaped and furrow-like notauli. Calosotinae are distingushied by membranous region between mesepisterna and anterior mesocoxa in ventral view, and mesotarsus often without pegs or single row of peg. When the subfamily have two rows of pegs, then they have mesepimeron, or at least lower mesepimeron between acropleurion and metapleuron. Neanastatinae are characterized by mesepisterna in ventral view abutted against bases of mesocoxae.
