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Major Families of Adult

 

Entomophagous Lepidoptera

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228

227a (10a, 38a, 48a & 80a).    Antennae simple or modified, but usually not swollen apically; hind wing with frenulum (= bristle or group of bristles arising at humeral angle);  ocelli often present ........... (Lepidoptera)  (Heterocera)

 

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227b.    Antennae knobbed at tip; hind wing without a frenulum; ocelli absent (Figs.A-D) ……A.….... (Lepidoptera)  (Rhopalocera)  Lycaenidae

 

229

228a (227a).    Wings absent or greatly reduced in size

 

231

228b.    Wings normally developed.

 

230

229a (228a).    Moth does not develop in a sac constructed by the larva

 

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229b.    Moth develops in and often never leaves sac constructed by the larva (Fig.A) (also see couplets 233, 235 & 236) .......... A........ (Lepidoptera)  Psychidae

 

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230a (229a).    Proboscis absent or vestigial (Figs.A-B) (also see couplet 238).......A..... (Lepidoptera)  Pyralididae

 

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230b.    Proboscis present (Figs.A-D) (also see couplets 237 & 238) …... ( Lepidoptera)  Noctuidae

 

232

231a (228b).    Hind wing with 3 anal veins; fore wing usually with 1st anal vein reaching wing margin

 

236

231b.    Hind wing with 2 anal veins, rarely with 1

 

233

232a (231a).    Hind wing with veins S-c+R-1 and R-s widely separate beyond discal cell

 

238

232b.    Hind wing with veins S-c+R-1 and R-s fused or closely parallel between discal cell and wing tip

 

234

233a (232a).    Fore wings with radial (accessory) cell

 

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233b.    Fore wings without radial cell (Fig.229b-A) (also see couplets 229, 235 & 236)... A ...... (Lepidoptera)  Psychidae

 

235

234a (233a).    Proboscis vestigial

 

239

234b.    Mouthparts usually developed, with scaled proboscis

 

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235a (234a).    Tibial spurs short or absent (Fig.A).......A.......(Lepidoptera)  Epipyropidae

 

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235b.    Hind tibia with 2 pairs of spurs (Fig.229b-A) (also see couplets 229, 233 & 236) ........ (Lepidoptera)  Psychidae

 

237

236a (231b).    Fore wing with single complete anal vein

 

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236b.    Fore wing with anal veins almost fused or connected by a crossvein so as to end as a single vein (Fig.229b-A) (also see couplets 229, 233 & 235) … A.…... (Lepidoptera)  Psychidae

 

238

237a (236a).    Shaft of antennae tapering evenly from base to tip

 

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237b.    Antennae thickened before tip, usually ending in a down curved hook  (Figs.230b-A-D) (also see couplets 230 & 238) ....... A.......(Lepidoptera)  Noctuidae

 

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238a (232b & 237a).    Hind wing with S-c usually free from R-s along the cell, though sometimes extending near it (also see couplet 230)…(Lepidoptera)  Pyralidae (Chrysauginae, ......... Phycitinae, Pyraustinae)

 

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238b.  Hind wing with Sc fused with Rs for short distance before the middle of cell ..... .. Noctuidae

 

240

239a (234b).    Maxillary palpi straight and extend forward horizontally, or vestigial

 

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239b.    Maxillary palpi conspicuous, folded in resting position…..... (Lepidoptera)  Oenophilidae

 

241

240a (239a).    Basal segment of antenna simple, though often with scales, hairs, or bristles

 

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240b.    Basal segment of antenna enlarged and concave beneath, forming an eyecap  (Fig.A (also see couplet 247) .......A.…... (Lepidoptera)  Blastobasidae

 

242

241a (240a).    Hind wing with well-developed anal region; venation almost complete

 

244

241b.    Hind wing narrow-lanceolate or linear; venation often reduced.

 

243

242a (241a).    Hind wing with anal vein not distally forked

 

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242b.    Hind wing with 3rd anal vein distally forked (Figs A-B)...…A........ (Lepidoptera)  Cyclotornidae

 

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243a (242a).     Upper side of hind wing with fringe of long hairs on basal part of Cu…... (Lepidoptera)  Olethreutidae

 

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243b.    Hind wing without long hairs on basal part of Cu (Fig.A)......A........(Lepidoptera)  Tortricidae

 

245

244a (241b).    Fore wing with discal cell formed

 

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244b.    Fore wing without closed cell (Fig.A) (also see couplet 245…..A.......(Lepidoptera)  Heliodinidae

 

246

245a (244a).    Hind tarsi without evident groups of bristles

 

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245b.    Hind tarsi with somewhat distinct groups of bristles near the ends of the several segments (Fig.244b-A) (also see couplet 244) ......... A .......... (Lepidoptera)  Heliodinidae

 

247

246a (245a).    Fore wing with discal cell set obliquely, the end distinctly closer to the hind margin than to costa; vein Cu-2 very short and usually extending directly back to wing margin

 

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246b.    Fore wing with discal cell axial and central; vein Cu-2 normally long and continuing parallel with median veins (also see couplet 247) ....... ( Lepidoptera)  Lavernidae &  Cosmopterygidae

 

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247a (246a).    Fore wing with blunt discal cell; veins R-2 and Cu arising from the end of discal cell (Fig.240b-A) (also see couplet 14)...... .. A .........(Lepidoptera)  Blastobasidae

 

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247b.    Fore wing without stigma; vein R-2 arising distinctly before end of discal cell (Fig.A)  (also see couplet 246) ............ (Lepidoptera)  Cosmopterigidae