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HYMENOPTERA, Proctotrupidae (Proctotrupoidea) -- <Images> & <Juveniles> Proctotrupidae Proctotrupidae (=
Serphidae now with Proctotrupidae)
--: Most Proctotrupids range in size from 3.1 to
7.4 mm long. They are distinguished
by a large stigma in the front wing, beyond which is a very small marginal
cell. Some species are
endoparasitoids of beetles, and flies. Most Proctotrupidae are solitary
endoparasitoids of Coleoptera larvae that occur in soil litter and
rotten wood. Some species parasitize larvae of Diptera). Gregarious parasitism is present. In all
species a distinctive emergence pattern from the host occurs. The parasitoid
larva pupates away from the host larva but is still connected by its
posterior end to the host ventrum.. A thin membrane is formed on the
parasitoid pupa. Adults are common in wet, shaded habitats. = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = References: Please refer to
<biology.ref.htm>, [Additional references may be
found at: MELVYL Library] Johnson, N. F. 1992. Catalog of world
Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae. Memoirs of the American
Entomological Institute 51: 1-825 Kozlov, M. A.
1978/1987. Family
Proctotrupidae (Proctotrupids). In: G. S. Medvedev (ed.) 1987, Keys to the Insects of the European
Part of the USSR. Vol. 3 Hymenoptera, Pt. 2.
Akad. Nauk., Zool. Inst., Leningrad, SSSR.
(trans. fr. Russian, Amerind. Publ. Co., Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi). 1341 p. Masner, L. 1993. Superfamily Proctotrupoidea (pp. 537-557). In:
GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an
identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada,
Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp. |