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213.  Derived from:  Legner, E. F.  1983.  Broadened view of Muscidifurax parasites associated with endophilous synanthropic flies and sibling species in the Spalangia endius complex.  Proc. Calif.  Mosq. & Vect. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51:  47-48.

 

{NOTE:  All Muscidifurax females regularly superparasitize their hosts (i.e., deposit more than one egg on a host pupa).  However, in gregarious sibling species development results in the survival of more than one individual to the adult stage.  In solitary species only a single individual survives to the adult stage.}

 

Summary

 

 

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            [ Please refer also to Related Research #1,  #2 ]