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Bagrada Bug Bagrada hilaris (Bunmeisler) --
Hemiptera: Pentatomidae |
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The
insect is a major pest of crop plants in the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), which
includes important foods like cabbage, kale, turnip, cauliflower, mustard,
broccoli, and radish. The Bagrada bug
has also been recorded attacking papaya, potato, maize, sorghum, cotton,
capers, and some legumes. Damage is
inflicted on host plants when adults and nymphs insert their needle-like
mouth parts and suck juices from the plant.
Feeding results in large stippled or wilted areas on leaves. Often the growth of newly formed central
shoots or heads of plants become stunted.
Populations can build up quickly reaching damaging densities that
require control. Heaviest
infestations are typically observed in organic farms, community gardens, and
residential vegetable gardens were little or no pesticides are used. Local
residents, not familiar with this new stink bug, often confuse it with
beneficial lady bugs, because adults and larger nymphs are about same the
size and have a similar bright coloration. Adult
Bagrada bugs are 5-7 mm long, and have black, shield-shaped bodies with distinctive
white and orange markings. Adult
females are larger than males. Nymphs
are wingless and pass through 5 instars or developmental stages. Over the course of shedding the
exoskeleton and growing, the wings gradually develop. First instar Bagrada bugs have
reddish-brown heads and thoraxes and bright red abdomens. Later instars become darker (adding black
color to their body) and develop wing pads.
Eggs are oval, creamy-white, and turn orange as they age. Females lay eggs in the soil beneath host
plants, but may also oviposit on leaves.
Usually all life stages are present together on plants and adults are
commonly observed in copulation. REFERENCES:
FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES Ahuja, R, S. K. Singh, M. M. Sundria & A. Dhandapani.
2008. Integrated management
strategy for painted bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burm.)
inflicting injury at seedling stage of mustard (Brassica juncea)
in arid western Rajasthan. Pesticide Research
Journal 20: 48-51. Azim, M. N. & S. A. Shafee. 1986. The life cycle of
Bagrada picta (Fabricius) (Hemiptera:
Pentatomidae). Articulata 8: 261-265. Blake,
C. 2009. Bagrada
bug startles cole industry.
2009. Western Farm Press
November 13, 2009. Bundy, C. S., T. R. Grasswitz & C.
Sutherland. 2012. First report of the invasive stink bug Bagrada
hilaris (Burmeister)(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from New
Mexico, with notes on its biology.
Southwestern Entomologist 37:
411-414. Chauhan, R, &
J. L. Yadav. 2007. Bioefficacy and persistence of some
insecticides against painted bug, Bagrada hilaris
(Burn.). Agricultural Science Digest
27: 71-72. Faúndez,
Eduardo I.. 2018. From agricultural to household pest: The
case of the painted bug Bagrada hilaris
(Burmeister) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Chile. Journal of Medical Entomology 55 (5): 1365–1368. Gupta, J. C. & D. S. Gupta. 1970. Note on some new hosts of the painted-bug
(Bagrada cruciferarum Kirk.: Pentatomidae,
Heteroptera). Indian Journal of
Agricultural Sciences 40: 645-646. Hill, D.
1975. Agricultural insect
pests of the tropics and their control, 1st Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Hodges, G.
2014. Personal
communication. Florida Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Hoenisch, R., C. J. Burkle & A. C. Hodges. 2013. Bagrada bug (Bagrada hilaris).
University of
California, Davis, and University of Florida. Horvath, G.
1936. Monographia
pentatomidarum Generis Bagrada. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici
30: 22-47. Huang, T. I.,
D. A. Reed, T. M. Perring & J. C. Palumbo. 2014a.
Feeding damage by Bagrada hilaris
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and impact on growth and chlorophyll content of
Brassicaceous plant species.
Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1-12. Huang, T. I.,
D. A. Reed, T. M. Perring &
J. C. Palumbo. 2014b. Host selection behavior of Bagrada
hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on commercial cruciferous
host plants. Crop Protection 59: 7-13. Lal,
O. P. & S. Baldeo. 1993.
Outbreak of the painted bug, Bagrada
hilaris (Burm.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on mustard in northern
India. Journal of Entomological
Research 17: 2. Palumbo, J. C. &
E. T. Natwick. 2010. The bagrada bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae):
A new invasive pest of cole crops in Arizona and California. Plant Health Progress.. Patidar, J., R. K. Patidar, R.
C. Shakywar &
M. Pathak. 2013. Host preference and survivability of Bagrada
hilaris (Burmeister, 1835) on off season crops. Annual Plant Protection Science 21: 273-275. Rebagliati, P. J., L. M. Mola, A. G. Papeschi
& J. Grazia. 2005. Cytogenetic studies in
Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): A review.
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 43: 199-213. Reed, D. A. &
T. M. Perring. 2012. Bagrada bug: Biology, host range and
effects on cole crops. Center for Invasive Species Research. University of
California, Riverside. Reed, D. A., J. P. Newman, T. M. Perring, J. A.
Bethke & J. N. Kabashima. 2012. Management of the
bagrada bug in nurseries. Department of Entomology, University of California
Riverside. Reed, D., J.
C. Palumbo & T. M. Perring, 2013. Bagrada
hilaris (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), an invasive stink bug
attacking cole crops in the southwestern United States. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 4:
C1-C7. Russell, D. 2012. Agricultural interdiction station
inspection (PowerPoint presentation).
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Cooperative
Agricultural Pest Survey. Singh, H.
& V. S. Malik. 1993. Biology of painted bug. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science
63: 672-674. Singh, S. P.,
Y. P. Singh & K.
Arvind. 2011. Bio-efficacy of chemical insecticides
against painted bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burm.) in
mustard. Pesticide Research Journal
23: 150-153. Chiappini, E., S. V. Trjapitzin & A. Donev. 1996.
Key to the Holarctic species of Anagrus
Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with a review of the Nearctic and
Palaearctic (other than European) species and descriptions of new taxa. Journal of Natural History 30: 551-595. Triapitzin,
S. V. 1995a. The identities of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg
parasitoid of the grape and blackberry leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
in California. Pan-Pacific Entomol.
71 (4): 250-251. Triapitzin, S. V. 1995b. A review of the Australian species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Russian Entomological Journal 4
(1-4): 105-108. Triapitzin, S.
V. 1997. The genus Anagrus
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in America south of the United States: a
review. Ceiba (Zamorano, Honduras)
38 (1): 1-12. Triapitzin, S.
V. 1998. Anagrus
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoids of Erythroneura
spp. and other leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in North American
vineyards and orchards: a taxonomic review.
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 124 (2): 77-112. Triapitzin, S. V., R. F. Mizell, J. L. Bossart & C. E.
Carlton. 1998. Egg parasitoids of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera:
Cicadellidae). Florida Entomologist 81
(2): 241-243. Triapitzin, S. V. & D. Strong.
1995. A new Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg
parasitoid of Prokelisia spp. (Homoptera:
Delphacidae). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71 (4):
199-203. Walker, G. P.,
N. Zareh, I. M. Bayoun & S. V. Triapitzin. 1997.
Introduction of western Asian egg parasitoids into California for
biological control of beet leafhopper, Circulifer
tenellus. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 73 (4): 236-242. |
