[Note: All Basque words are in Italics and Bold-faced Green]
ODYSSEUS’
TRAVELS *
A review derived from the following: Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: AnIntroduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada. ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p. ----Please CLICK on underlined categories for detail [to search for Subject Matter, depress
Ctrl/F ]:
THE SAHARA EXODUS To trace the origin
of the violent fighting of around 1,200 bce. (See Sea Peoples), it is best to
look at the early development of the people and the two religions, which were
at odds, starting with the time that the Sahara had turned into a desert and
became unlivable (see Climate). The height of
glaciation’s came about 16,000 bce. At that time, the world's oceans had been
lowered over 100 meters because much of the earth’s water was stored in
glaciers on the continents. At first, the melting of the huge continental
glaciers was slow. However, by 10,000 bce., the retreat of the glaciers from
the mountain ranges of Europe had created significant changes in continental
air circulation, which caused the Sahara to change from a lush grazing area
into an ever-expanding desert. The many tribes which had lived there for
millennia, had to flee the encroaching desert, taking their cattle with them.
Migration did not take place haphazardly.. When the decision had been made to
move, an entire tribe migrated together and embarked for transportation. They
reunited at their landing site in Europe before moving on to their new
region. No one was left behind, except for the Sea Peoples tribes themselves
who had to maintain the contact between their original homeland and the
colonies established by them. This north African heritage is still very
noticeable in Ireland, as described by Bob
Quinn in his book "The Atlantean,
Ireland's North African Heritage". Most of the
migrating tribes had fled the drought by going north to Europe, a name from
Basque eur-opa, euri (rain) opa (longing for) means "Longing for rain" (Nyland 2001)). The two major groups of Sea
Peoples of North Africa, the Berbers from Morocco and Algiers, and the Shardana from Cyrenaica and
the Black Sea, ferried these migrating tribes across the Mediterranean north
to Europe and the Balkan via the Black Sea. The Atlantic coast of Europe had
been colonized earlier by the dark-haired Rh-negative Berber tribes from
Morocco, who had established population centers in the Bay of Biscay, western
Ireland, the Hebrides of Scotland, on many of the Norwegian islands, the
southern tip of Sweden and as far north as Arctic Norway. These sea
migrants brought along the three pillars of their civilization: 1) absolute
faith in re-incarnation and their Great Goddess, 2) a highly disciplined
system of oral education and 3) their ancient and well-developed Saharan
language. Edo Nyland has referred to
their belief as a way of life, because there was no separation between the
secular and the faith. A religion, by definition, is based on revelation such
as found in Christianity, Judaism and Islam, which the Goddess' way of life
was not. Studies of contemporary primitive societies have provided insights
into the social structure of this population. It was based on the tribal, or extended family, system. The
family unit as we know it today with father, mother and children, did not
exist. The unit was the tribe and
children born into the tribe were the responsibility of every adult. It took
the whole community to raise a child. This was a matrilineal organized
society and the paternity of a child, or its birth date for that matter, was
not important. The tribal council controlled the land surrounding the
village, which was administered democratically by a council of elders headed
by the Amona, the
head of the matrilineal organized tribe. It lacked the centralized and
autocratic structure of the later patriarchy where one man dominated. The
title Amona was abbreviated to Mona
and ‘”M”, followed by the name of the tribe such as in M'Uhin, now
spelled M'Ewen or McEwen (uhin means waves: the tribe of the navigators. Even today the family
names in Morocco are often spelled with M'. There are still families in
Scotland and Ireland that refused to accept the patriarchal Mac and have
retained the M', such as in M'Gonigle. The first traces
of dissent in the age-old Goddess civilization were noted around 4,000
bce.according to archaeologist Marija Gimbutas, somewhere in Anatolia or
Southern Russia. It happened at about the same time as the invention of
metalworking, the domestication of horse and camel, large scale agriculture
and the first population pressures. It is likely that all these conditions
contributed to the upcoming breakdown. The Goddess civilization had been
developed among the herding and fishing tribes in which the men were away
from home for very long periods. This
left the women in charge of the home front. As long as the men's work was
away from home and contact was maintained with the religious center, the
Goddess religion was unchallenged . After exodus
from the Sahara, contact between the tribes was maintained by boat and the
culture was centrally nurtured from Malta. The problems arose with those
tribes that had no sailing and navigation traditions and were located in
regions far away from the sea. They
had no regular contact with the center on Malta. Those who had settled in the
Fertile Crescent of Mesopotamia, in Anatolia and in southern Russia,
developed large-scale agriculture that kept the men near to home, and they
gradually assumed a more prominent role in the tribe. Those agricultural
areas appear to have been the first places where young men refused to
volunteer for sacrifice, after participation in the Sacred Marriage. They had
tasted the exaltation of temporary kingship wearing the purple robe that
denoted semi-deity status. In prosperous and happy times, there had been no
need for a homegrown human sacrifice.
Therefore, it began to be play-acted or a prisoner was substituted.
This prolonged a young prince's exalted position as the bridge between the
deity and the people and he became accustomed to a very pleasing existence.
When difficult times arose and a sacrifice became necessary, why should he be
eager to give all that up in exchange for hypothetical re-incarnation in a
newborn body? The earliest written evidence we have of this refusal is found
in the Gilgamesh Epic of about 2,700 bce., part
of which describes Gilgamesh's search for the elixir of eternal life. In the
following quote from N. K. Sandar's translation of "The Epic of
Gilgamesh" Gilgamesh expresses his doubts about the truth of reincarnation.
We also see that, so very early in history, the Chief Priestess was already
placed under supervision of a sky-god, whom she calls father, and the Sacred
Marriage is ridiculed: "Come
to me Gilgamesh, and be my bridegroom; grant me seed of your body, let me be
your bride and you shall be my husband. Kings, rulers and princes will bow
down before you; they shall bring you tribute from the mountains and the
plain. Gilgamesh answered “Glorious Ishtar, If I take you in marriage, what
gifts can I give in return? What ointment and clothing for your body? I would
gladly give you bread and all sorts of food fit for a god. I would give you
wine to drink fit for a queen, but as for making you my wife - that I will
not. Your lovers have found you like a brazier which smolders in the cold, a
backdoor which keeps out neither squall of wind nor storm, a castle which
crushes the garrison, pitch that blackens the bearer, a battering ram turned
back from the enemy. Which of your lovers did you ever love for ever? Listen
to me while I tell the tale of your lovers. There was (1)Tammuz, the lover of
your youth, for him you decreed wailing, year after year. (2) You loved the
many colored roller (?) but still you struck and broke his wing; now in the
grove he sits and cries "kappi, kappi, my wing, my wing". (3) You
have loved the lion, tremendous in strength: seven pits you dug for him, and
seven. (4) You have loved the stallion magnificent in battle, and for him you
decreed whip and spur and a thong, to gallop seven leagues by force and to
muddy the water before he drinks. (5) You have loved the shepherd of the
flock; he made meal-cake for you day after day, he killed kids for your sake.
You struck and turned him into a wolf; now his own herd-boys chase him away,
his own dogs worry his flanks. (6) And did you not love Ishullanu, the
gardener of your father's palm grove? He brought you baskets filled with
dates without end; every day he loaded your table. Then you turned your eyes
on him and said "Dear Ishullanu, come here to me, let us enjoy your
manhood, come forward and take me, I am yours". Ishullanu answered:
"What are you asking from me? Why should I come to such as you for food
that is tainted and rotten?" (Gilgamesh then continues:) "But when
you heard his answer he was changed into a blind mole, deep in the earth, one
whose desire is always beyond his reach". "And if you and I should
be lovers, should not I be served in the same fashion as all these others
whom you loved once?". When Ishtar heard this she fell into a bitter
rage, she went up to high heaven. Her tears poured out in front of her father
Anu and Antum, her mother. "My father, Gilgamesh has heaped insults on
me, he has told over all my abominable behaviour, my foul and hideous
acts" etc. etc.
Obviously the Goddess' way of life had collapsed in Mesopotamia and
patriarchy had taken over, although the priestesses were still very
noticeable. It would be many centuries in the future before a philosophy
would be developed which was able to organize and execute a devastating and
almost successful attack on literally all aspects of the Goddess and replace
the monolithic structure of the Goddess religion by installing a male
dominated form of polytheism.
One of the unnatural changes, which took place, is clearly expressed
in the Gilgamesh Epic when King Gilgamesh insists on being the first to sleep
with every new bride, before the bridegroom is allowed to. Gilgamesh was
portrayed as a physically very strong individual who also happened to be king
with all authority associated with that position. No one had been able to
stop him until Enkidu blocked his way:
"The bride waited for the bridegroom, but in the night
Gilgamesh got up and came to this house. Then Enkidu stepped out, he stood in
the street and blocked the way. Mighty Gilgamesh came on and Enkidu met him
at the gate. He put out his foot and prevented Gilgamesh from entering the
house, so they grappled, holding each other like bulls. They broke doorposts
and the walls shook, they snorted like bulls locked together. Gilgamesh bent
his knee with his foot planted on the ground and with a turn Enkidu was
thrown. Then immediately his fury died" (P. 69).
This is a typical example of how the new male dominated religion was
corrupting the caring and respectful traditions of the past. There is little
doubt that this is exactly what happened. Enkidu belonged to the old religion
that cared for the earth and all that lived on it, while Gilgamesh
represented the newselfish attitude, there was no middle way because the
inversion of the basics laws of behaviour had been total. This was one of the
many reasons why so many young men from Atlantic Europe volunteered to fight
the new order to restore justice and normality, not unlike what happened
during World War I and II, the wars fought to end all wars. The ancient
traditions of the Goddess had obviously been badly perverted already at this
early date. This is clearly expressed in a quote by Frymer Kenski in "In
the Wake of the Goddesses":
"The dynasty of Kish was founded by Enmebaragesi, a contemporary of
Gilgamesh, who it now appears may have been a woman" (p. 79) The name Enmebaragesi
tells a story: en. - .me - eba - ara
- age - esi This lady was no queen, and she
did not found a dynasty, but she may have been a priestess. Her
"name" tells us in no uncertain terms that the time of the Goddess
was over, for ever. With the breakdown
of the old order, the Great Goddess of our ancestors was fractured into a
plethora of more or less significant goddesses, some of which were given sex
changes, others became warriors or witches, most were married off to the new
sky-gods and god-kings and placed in subservient positions. Human characters
and weaknesses of all sorts were assigned to recently invented gods and
goddesses, from alcoholism to cruelty, cheating, brawling, weirdness etc.
Several fearsome gods were associated with lightning and thunder, gods who
walked and rode horses on the clouds and whose swords and spears were
lightning bolts. This now being the age of writing, many were well documented
by the new clergy among the Hittites, Egyptians, Sumerians, Greeks and
Romans.. For all their temporary prominence, the newly created pantheon left
no impression upon the population that had been unable to forget the loving
Goddess of the past. In fact the new polytheistic mythology existed only in
writing, having been invented by the patriarchal clergy who wanted to destroy
the ancient Goddess mythology. and way of life. When the new monotheistic
religion became established, reportedly by Moses, it had no trouble disposing
of the godly weirdoes. Perhaps even
to this day it has not succeeded in eliminating the ancestral Goddess from
any of the "converted, or evangelized" populations, not even from
the Jews themselves, many of whom still revere their Shekina, while Roman Catholics and
others revere the mother of Jesus: Mary. RELIGION CHANGED It was the
Luvian priesthood in Kizzuwadna which had the original idea of turning all
the attributes of the Goddess' faith inside out, creating a negative image of
the old religion, in their switch to patriarchy. They then decided to accept
this negative image of the ancient gylanic faith as their own male-controlled
polytheistic religion. In doing so they changed the attractive holistic
character of the old faith into dualism, which meant the introduction of
confrontation and discord into all aspects of life. The foundation was thus
laid for the well-organized and aggressive woman-despising, proto-Judaic
religion. Where this happened is not yet clear, but it was probably in Nerik, an important
Luvian cult-town in the Hittite province of Kizzuwadna, Anatolia. The
priesthood's library of clay tablets has apparently been found in Nerik, but Nyland (2001) has not been able to learn
anything about the find. When the tablets are published, we may know more.
Who the Luvian priests were that decided to invert every aspect of the
ancient faith, is not yet known, but the process they set in motion is still
with us today. Their main goal is expressed in the word
"armageddon", ar.-.ma-age-ed.-.do-on.: Armageddon:
It ordered a
many-pronged attack on the established order. With the goal of destruction of
the Goddess religion in mind, the leadership of the new male religion drew up
a task list. It was decided to work towards:
The decision to create a variety of new languages and scripts required
highly educated scholars and schools in which to train them. Linguistics
became the first academic subject to be developed and taught in institutions
that later evolved into our universities, a tradition that began about 2,000
bce. Confused remnants of this once great discipline of linguistics are still
being taught in our universities today, but the ancient science has been
forgotten.
Inventing a new language when there is only one existing and no
example is available to go by, may sound like an impossible task. A new and
practical language did not come out of thin air or a dream. Fortunately for
the Luvian priests, the ancient language was extremely logical and well
organized. It had been the product of
much earlier linguists in West Africa who had
made up groups of word- and thought-associations. They had assigned each such
group of words a basic root syllable, made up of vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV),
such as: aba: priest, rectory, advantage, surpass, shade
This language
structure allowed plenty of opportunity for manipulation. Any associated
information could be attached or agglutinated to the first syllable. Methods
were slowly developed which could convert and mutilate the language in such a
manner that the final product was not recognizable as related to Saharan, but
had its own rules of grammar and structure. The first step in this direction
was the complete reversal of the periphrastic word order of Saharan; samples
borrowed from Aulestia (p. a30): negation+auxiliary verb+complements+ main verb The genius who
invented this reversal of the ancient periphrastic word order created the
basic structure of the "family of Indo-European languages",
something none of our modern linguists have been able to fathom, so far. The
highly professional Luvian priests thus laid the foundation for a large
number of invented languages and language families
that looked like they were genetically related but were instead artificial. That the established Neolithic order was deliberately
turned topsy-turvy is shown in the meaning of many important words, which
were reversed such as:
woman to man: andre (woman) which
became andros (male) but in reality was an abbreviation of andrezale (fond of
woman). This is the reason Edo Nyland
will not support the use of the word "androcratic", supposedly
meaning "male-dominated".
black to white: the Saharan word u'it / u'itsu (tar) was used to make the Dutch word "wit", English
"white", cold to hot: hotz (cold) became
"hot" in English, "heiss" in German. German
"weiss".
hot to cold: kalda (heat) became
"kalt" in German, "cold" in English. (In Latin
"caldus" still means "hot".) friend
to foe: the Bible tells us that a "host" is an enemy,
armed might; this agrees with Basque hostu/ohostu (to rob, to pillage). Yet "host and hospitable" are
now words for "friend" in English. good to
bad: the highly respected male clergy of the Goddess was called Abade (Priest). By
removing the two outer vowels, our English word "bad" was created. This
game of word distortion and meaning reversal was carried on during the next
four millennia in all invented languages. A word
such as ashera, from ashola-era (care-ing) was used to create our English word "ash",
because "ashera" was also the name of the tree planted beside the
Goddess' altar and the Bible had ordered the tree to be burned to ashes.
(Deut. 12:3 and 2 Kings 23:15; asherim is plural). TWO IDEOLOGIES COLLIDE Archaeologist Dr. Marija Gimbutas in her
book "The Civilization of the Goddess" (p.396) came to a
somewhat different conclusion. She believed strongly in the existence of the
Indo-Europeans. The Indo-European society she said, was warlike, exogamic,
patriarchal, patrilineal and patrilocal, with a strong clannish organization
and social hierarchy which gave prominence to the warrior class. Their main
gods were male and usually depicted as warriors. There is no possibility that
this pattern of social organization could have evolved out of the Old
European matrilineal, matricentric and endogamic balanced society. Therefore
the appearance of the Indo-Europeans in Europe represents a collision of two
ideologies, not an evolution. Edo
Nyland took this train of thought one step further by suggesting that this
collision between ideologies was the result of planned religious chicanery.
He could not agree with Gimbutas that Indo-Europeans were involved in this,
because the Indo-European theory is probably not correct. The early religion and
civilization had been a holistic one. Male and female had complemented each
other in mutual respect and a well-balanced division of labor and
responsibilities. The women ruled the
home base while the men ruled anything outside that, including fishing,
exploration, big game hunting etc. The coming of male domination, which
demanded to control all, meant that this former desirable state of affairs
was turned topsy-turvy into dualistic confrontation between the sexes. The
newly indoctrinated males also wanted to be shown the respect formerly
accorded the woman, to dominate her and use and control her at will. The
priests wanted to make sure that paternity was always known, and that never
again would the children and the children's inheritance be handled through
the female line. The result was that married life for many women became hell
on earth. The German word for wife, "Frau" expresses this mentality
well; it was coined from fa-arau, afa (happy) arau (discipline), "happy under discipline"
and the Prussians' insecurity made sure that this discipline was enforced.
Here follow some more changes that were brought about by the reversal of the
Goddess' attributes. FROM:
TO:
The advance of patriarchy with its
insistence on gathering riches and making and using weapons of destruction,
as well as its selfishness, had removed the people from living natural lives
in a healthy world. First they were part of, and inseparable from creation,
but now the new definition of the word "creation" tells us that nature's wealth had been turned over to a select
group of people: .k.-.re-ati-on.; .k.
oke okergabe pristine "Pristine gift to the blessed
faithful". All the peoples
in Europe knew that all this was going on and did not like what they heard
and what the travelers saw, especially in the eastern Mediterranean. The
ancient status quo was forcibly being overthrown and they recognized the
warning sign. Something had to be done to stop the epidemic from coming any
closer, and they did it the best way they could. That's why Odysseus and his
men sailed to the Eastern Mediterranean and into a huge tragedy; described in
The Sea Peoples.
|