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DIPTERA ADULTS
1. Flies have
a leathery texture. Adults are blood
sucker ectoparasites on birds and mammals.
Winged and wingless or vestigial
winged
species are present. The abdomen is
not clearly divided into segments.
The antennae are short and inserted into small
rather
obscure pits (e.g., Pupipara group of flies) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2
Flies
are quite different from the previous description. The abdomen is clearly segmented. Adults are never external parasites
on birds or mammals. The antennae are not inserted into pits
and are generally quite visible.
Only one pair of wings is
typically present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
2. The head
is small and narrow. It is folded
back in a groove on the thorax.
Species are wingless (Parasites of bats) _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Nycteribiidae
The
head is not as previously described but is in a more normal position _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3
3. The palpi re elongated and form a
sheath for the piercing mouthparts.
Most species are winged with the veins clumped up
anteriorly. Species are parasitic on birds and
mammals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hippoboscidae
Palpi
are broad and leafy and do not form a sheath for the mouthparts _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Streblidae
4. The antennae have eight or more movable
almost similar segments. The anal
wing cells (Fig. 3) are wider toward the
margin.
Flies
of the Nemotocera group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5
Antennae without more the 4 or 5 segments. The segment beyond 2nd one may appear as a consolidated ring
or annuli _ _ 9
5. The wing's costal vein does not
continue beyond the apex. Hairs and
scales on the wing are rarely present (Fig. 4) _ _ _ _
6
The
costal vein surrounds the wing.
Hairs on the wing are frequently dense or scales are present
particularly on the costa and
posterior margins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8
6. The
antennae are shorter than the thorax and have 10 or 11 closely cohesive and
similar segments. They are never feathery.
The legs are strong with the hind pair
somewhat widened. The body is
stocky. The wings are broad with
few veins (black flies)
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Simuliidae
Antennae are longer than the thorax and usually bushy with long
hairs. Otherwise dissimilar from
above _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7
7. The dorsal part of the thorax has a
longitudinal groove. The wings are
narrow and held rooflike.
Mouthparts are adapted for
piercing (gnats that are
only annoying nuisances but otherwise not of medical importance) _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ Chironomidae
There
is no longitudinal groove on the thorax dorsum. Wings are held flat and superimposed over one another when at
rest.
Wings are often spotted (Fig. 153).
Mouthparts are adapted for piercing (punkies) _ _ _ _ Heleidae & Ceratopogonidae
8. Flies are small and appear like
moths. The mouthparts are very
short. The wings and body are
clothed with long hairs.
Wings
have parallel veins, but scales are absent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ Psychodidae
8b. The Wing's 2nd longitudinal vein has 3
branches, the 3rd branch begins near the base (Fig. 5). (Of no medical importance) _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ Subfamily: Psychodinae
8c. The 2nd longitudinal vein has 3
branches, but the 3rd branch begins near the middle of the wing (Fig. 88)
(Considerable
medical importance) _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Subfamily: Phlebotominae
Flies
are not moth like. The posterior
wing margin and most veins have coarse scales (Fig. 3). The mouthparts are elongated,
slender and well adapted for piercing in most species (mosquitoes) _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Culicidae
8d. Long-legged flies similar to Culicidae
in wing venation but without scales.
Scales also absent on body and legs. Mouthpart
s are not adapted for
piercing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Dixidae
9. Antennae have 4 or 5 segments, and the
segment beyond the 2nd may be formed into 3-8 rings. Squamae are large (horseflies)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tabanidae
Antennae have only three segments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10
10. The final
antennal segment is small and ends in an elongated style or arista (Fig.
6) (snipe flies)
_ _ _ _ _ _ Rhagionidae
Final antennal segment is much larger
than the others and has a dorsal arista that is either bare or feathery (Fig. 7) _ _ 11
11. Wings have stout 2-3 stout veins near
the inner costal border. Other
veins are weak and extend outward to the wing margin.
Cross veins are absent _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Phoridae
Wings are different and not with stout veins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12
12. The wing anal cell is elongated
reaching almost to the wing margin.
A false vein is present between the 3rd and 4th
longitudinal veins.
Species are often brightly colored (flower-loving flies (Fig.
8) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Syrphidae
The
anal cell is short and truncated (Fig. 9). A false vein is absent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13
13. The 2nd antennal segment has a
longitudinal suture on its upper outer edge (Fig. 7-ds). Squamae are often conspicuous.
The Thorax usually has a transverse
suture _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14
The 2nd antennal segment does not have a
longitudinal suture. Squamae are
usually small and the thorax does not have a
complete transverse suture generally
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18
14. The mouthparts are vestigial (warble
& bot flies including Cuterebridae & Hypodermatidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ Oestridae
Mouthparts are well developed and functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15
15. The hypopleura do not have a well
developed row of bristles below the posterior spiracle (Fig. 10). Small hairs may be
present.
Antennal arista hairy or feathery usually (house-,
stable- and tsetse flies) _ _ _ _ Muscidae & Anthomyiidae
The
hypopleura do have a well-developed row of bristles (Fig. 10) or bristle tuft _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ 16
16. The postnotum and postscutellum show a double
ripple effect under the scutellum when viewed laterally. Species are usually
have many bristles. The larvae are all parasitic on other
insects primarily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tachinidae
The
postscutellum is not very well developed, and therefore only a single
postnotum is visible laterally_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17
17. All species are colored either metallic,
blue, black or shades of green.
Several species are not metallic but instead have
golden
hairs on the thorax among the bristles (Pollenia spp.). There are often 4 notopleural bristles
present (blowflies)
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Calliphoridae 1
Most
flies are colored gray, silvery or a mix with darker colors. There are rarely more than 2 notopleural
bristles (flesh flies) _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Sarcophagidae 1
18. The mouthparts are vestigial and occur
within tiny oval pits. They are
large, brownish and fuzzy flies (horse botflies,
Fig. 11) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ Gasterophilidae
Mouthparts are well developed and not occurring in pits _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19
19. The wing's subcosta is vestigial, but
if present then it extends just a short distance beyond the humeral cross
vein and not
reaching the costs _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20
An
existant subcosta extends to the costa, but is difficult to see as it is
hidden underneath the 1st longitudinal vein _ _ _ 21
20. The 6th longitudinal and anal veins are
absent. The ocellar triangle is
large when compared with the head.
The subcosta
appears as a tiny fold at
its base. The costa has only one
fracture (Fig. 12) Tiny flies (eye
gnats) _ _ _ _ _Chloropidae
The
6th longitudinal vein and often the anal vein are present. The subcosta is more apparent but does
not extend to the costa.
The costa has two fractures (fruit flies) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Drosophilidae
21. The palpi are vestigial. Species are small and shiny black, brown
or reddish with few bristles. The
head is spherical and the
abdomen shaped like that of a wasp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Sepsidae
Palpi well developed.
Species all small in size but of a different shape from previous
(cheese skipper) _ _ Piophilidae
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
1/ Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae are show here although some specialists
may assign them to different groups.
The names are common in the medical literature especially because
they include important genera affecting humans and animals.
DIPTERA
LARVAE
22. The larval head is well developed, not
retractile and enclosed in a solid capsule. The mouthparts are normal, with
the
mandibles moving laterally during feeding
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23
The
head is not well developed, but if partially developed the mandibles move
vertically, parallel to each other or at an angle
inward.
Or if the head is not visible and the anterior end is pointed and
has mouth hooks or reduced parts
(Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig.
15). Or the larva resembles a grub rounded at
both ends (Fig. 16). Or, the larva has an elongated
siphon at the end of the abdomen (Fig. 17) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
28
23. Larvae are aquatic or semiaquatic,
living only in swift streams or in tree holes, mud, pond shores or in open
water _ _ 24
24. There are prolegs on all body segments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25
Prolegs occur only on some body segments (Fig.
18) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _27
25. The head is distinct. The thorax and abdominal segments are
divided into annuli or rings, usually each ring having a dorsal
plate.
Respiratory openings occur on the prothorax and anal segments
(amphipneustic) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Psychodinae
The
head is also distinct, but segments of the thorax and abdomen do not have divisions
and otherwise differ from the previous
description _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26
26. Thoracic segments are fused to form an
enlarged portion that is thicker than the abdomen (fig. 105). Respiration is by
spiracles located at the end of an elongated tube or siphon, or the
posterior spiracles are flattened (metapneustic)
(mosquitoes) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Culicidae
The
segments of the thorax and abdomen are almost equal in diameter. All thoracic segments are much
enlarged. Larvae
resemble snakes (Fig.
19) with smooth bodies (Culicoides, Bezzia, etc.) _ _ _ _ _ Heleidae & Ceratopogonidae
27. Two prolegs occur on each segments #1
& #2 of the abdomen. Tracheae
extend in a pair of discs on abdominal segment #8
_
_ _ _ larvae at water surface are U-shaped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dixidae
27b. Prolegs occur only on the prothoracic
segment. The larva's posterior end
has an adhesive disc for attachment.
Larvae
occur in swift water (black
flies) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Simuliidae
27 c. Prolegs are present on the prothorax and
posterior end of the larva or they may be reduced (gnats) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tendipedidae & Chironomidae
27 d.
Larvae have a well-developed head with stout bristly
hairs or spines (Fig. 20). The body also has similar hairs. The
tip of the abdomen has two groups of long hairs. The abdomen also has prologs (sand
flies) _ _ _ _ Phlebotominae
28. Larvae are cylindrical and pointed at
both ends. Mandibles are hook like
and move vertically and parallel to each other.
Spiracles are located in a vertical cleft
and usually on the tip of a posterior siphon (Fig. 14) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tabanidae
Larvae
are different from previous description
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29
29. Larvae are aquatic and appear stout and
grub like with a long telescopic terminal siphon (rat-tailed maggots (Fig.
17) _ _ _ _
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _(partly) Serphidae (= Proctotrupidae)
Larvae do not fit the
previous descriptions (See Key on Myiasis-causing Flies)
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