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EXAMINATION
& EXERCISES #2 FOR THE ASCOMYCOTA (Contact)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.
For each of the entries listed below, name the genus or a genus in the
Ascomycota that "fits," and
indicate the order to which this genus belongs:
2.
Complete the following classkfications:
For the
following fill in the blanks or underline the correct statements: 3.
Three representative genera of the Hemiascomycetes are: ___________________, ___________________,
___________________, 4.
Schizosaccharomyces octosporus is a (budding) (fission)
yeast. It is (haplobiontic) (diplobiontic)
(haplo-diplobiontic) 5. Venturia inaequalis incites a
disease of ___________________ that is called ____________________. This fungus has a (Monilia) (Graphium) (Polytrincium) (Fusicladium) (Oidium) (Spaceloma) imperfect stage. The
parasitic mycelium of V. inaequalis
(is) (is not) confined to a
subcuticular position. The sexual process initiating the development of the perfect stage
occurs (in spring) (in mid-summer) (in autumn) at high latitudes and involves the union of (an antheridium) (a spermatium) with a
trichogynous extension of an ascogonial coil. 6.
If an unfamiliar cup fungus were encountered and examining it
microscopically revealed that it had elongated
2-celled ascospores, it may be concluded with considerable confidence
that this species belonged to the Sub-series
______________________________ of the Discomycetes. 7.
An Oidium imperfect stage is typical of (Elsinoe) (Microsphaera) (Thielavia) (Myriangium) (Erysiphe)
(Sphaerotheca) (Byssochlamys). 8.
In agar culture species of Taphrina may closely resemble (Endomyces) (Saccharomyces) (Schizosaccharomyces)
(Byssochlamys), both macro- and microscopically. 9.
Asci arise from ascogenous hyphae in (Phyllactinia) (Byssochlamys) (Thielavia) (Endomycopsis) (Eurotium)
(Dipodascus) (Taphrina) (Neurospora) (Daldinia) (Higginsia) (Pyronema). 10.
The yeast usually used in baking
(is) (is not) a "sporogenous" yeast. The metabolic produce of the yeast that is
concerned in the leavening of bread dough is
______________________. 11.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (has) (does not have) the ability to hydrolyze starch. Therefore, a sterile unhydrolyzed grain mash
(will) (will not) provide a satisfactory source of
carbohydrate for growth of this years and/or for alcoholic fermentation. 12.
With a substantial supply of sugar, minerals, etc., but a poor supply
of oxygen, cells of Saccharomyces
(will soon die) (will
thrive and multiply rapidly) (will
live but will not bud very much). 13.
In the pressence of an abundance of free oxygen, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae tends to produce _____________and ___________________ as end products of its
respiration. When the oxygen supply
is low, alcohol and __________________ are produced. The alcohol is (ethyl alcohol) (methyl alcohol) (butyl alcohol). 14.
"Aspergillosis" in birds usually involves infection by (Aspergillus niger) (Aspergillus amsteledami) (Aspergillus flavus) (Aspergillus fumigatus). 15.
About (one fourth) (one half) (three fourths) of all known lichen fungi are assigned to the
order Lecanorales. Lichens whose thalli are of the upright,
"shrubby" type are technically described as (crustose) (foliose) (fruticose). 16.
Eremothecium and Ashbya are important fungi (because they incite disease in a crop
plant) (because they have a prominent role in decomposing organic matter in the
soil) (because they produce an
important antibiotic) (because they are excellent sources of a certain
vitamin). 17.
Penicillin is obtained commercially from Penicillium
___________________. This species of
Penicillium (has) (is not known to have)
a perfect stage. 18.
The following genera belong to the Operculate Discomycetes: (Monilinia) (Leotis) (Helvella) (Urnula) (Dibotryon) (Hypodermella) (Verpa) (Pyronema) (Mollisia) (Ascobolus). 19.
Most higher Ascomycota apprently produce their asci through crozier
formation. Fusion of two nuclei in
the young ascus was first observed by (de Bary) (Harper)
(Dangeard) (Thaxter) (Seaver)
about (1860) (1890) (1915) (1930). 20.
The special cell division process whereby ascospores are delimited is
called ___________________. This
process was first
described by (de Bary) (Strasburger) (Harper) (Raper) (Thaxter)
(Dodge) about (1850) (1875)
(1900) (1925). The unused cytoplasm that is left over in
the ascus after spore delimitation is termed (epiplasm) (periplasm). At inception, ascospores are
(always) (almost always)
unicellular, and (always) (almost always)
uninucleate. 21.
Large unicellular sculptured ascospores occur in (Tuber) (Neurospora) (Taphrina) (Myriangium) (certain members of the Pezizales)
(many members of the Helotiales). 22.
Mycelial cells of Taphrina are typically (uninucleate)
(binucleate) (multinucleate). In T. deformans proasci are formed
(subcuticularly) (just under the
epidermis) (scattered among the host
cells near the surface of the attacked host organ). 23.
Daldinia and Xylaria belong to the order
__________________. These two genera
differ principally (in the form of their stromata) (in the structure and shape of their ascospores) (in the substrates on which they grow). 24.
The "Dermatophytes" that incite ringworm, athlete's foot and
nail lesions in humans are believed to be related to the Gymnoascaceae
(because members of both groups are keratinophilic) (because of certain mycelial peculiarities which are shared by the two groups). 25.
In the following list place a check mark after any tiem that is found
both in Venturia and in Neurospora:
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