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Table 3. KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS
-- Several
Arrangements Bacteria (Eubacteria) Archaea (Archaebacteria)
and Eukarya (Eukaryotes;
further divided into Protista, Plantae,
Animalia and Fungi). Reference: GJ Olsen and CR Woese (1993). FASEB Journal 7: 113-123. The Six Kingdoms: Plants,
Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria. ================ Monera (includes Eubacteria
and Archeobacteria)
Individuals are
single-celled, may or may not move, have a cell wall, have no chloroplasts or
other organelles, and have no nucleus. Monera are usually very tiny, although
one type, namely the blue-green bacteria, look like algae. They are
filamentous and quite long, green, but have no visible structure inside the
cells. No visible feeding mechanism. They absorb nutrients through the cell
wall or produce their own by photosynthesis. Protista
Protists are
single-celled and usually move by cilia, flagella, or by amoeboid mechanisms.
There is usually no cell wall, although some forms may have a cell wall. They
have organelles including a nucleus and may have chloroplasts, so some will
be green and others won't be. They are small, although many are big enough to
be recognized in a dissecting microscope or even with a magnifying glass.
Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis, ingestion of other organisms, or
both. Fungi
Fungi are
multicellular,with a cell wall, organelles including a nucleus, but no
chloroplasts. They have no mechanisms for locomotion. Fungi range in size
from microscopic to very large ( such as mushrooms). Nutrients are acquired
by absorption. For the most part, fungi acquire nutrients from decaying
material. Plantae
Plants are
multicellular and most don't move, although gametes of some plants move using
cilia or flagella. Organelles including nucleus, chloroplasts are present,
and cell walls are present. Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis (they
all require sunlight). Animalia
Animals
are multicellular, and move with the aid of cilia, flagella, or muscular
organs based on contractile proteins. They have organelles including a
nucleus, but no chloroplasts or cell walls. Animals acquire nutrients by
ingestion. ===================== FOLLOWING
DERIVED FROM: http: //biology.about.com/od/evolution/a/aa091004a.htm Organisms: Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermophiles,
Psychrophiles photophosphorylation, or chemosynthesis. II. Eubacteria Organisms: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae),
Actinobacteria III. Protista Organisms: Amoebae, green algae, brown algae, diatoms,
euglena, slime molds IV. Fungi Organisms: Mushrooms, yeast, molds V. Plantae Organisms: Mosses, angiosperms (flowering plants), gymnosperms,
liverworts, ferns VI. Animalia Organisms: Mammals, amphibians,
sponges, insects, worms Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism. |