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EXAMINATION & EXERCISES #1

Introduction to Entomology

(Contact)

[For answers please also refer to: Borror, DJ. C.A. Triplehom, and N.F. Johnson. 1989. An Introduction to the Study of Insects (6th ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., Orlando, Florida, U.S.A

&

Metcalf, R. L. 1986. The ecology of pesticides and the chemical control of insects, p. 251-97. In: M. Kogan (ed.), Ecological Theory and Integrated Pest Management Practice. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 362 p.p..]

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1. Briefly define the following terms as they apply to insects:

a. Sclerits

b. Instar

c. Coxa

d. Nymph

e. Ocelli

f. Pupa

g. Spiracle

h. Metamorphosis

i. Pronotum

j. Compatibility

k. Acute toxicity

l. Residual action

m. Synergist

n. Phytotoxic

o. Labium

2. Matching. Write the letters from the answer column that apply to each insecticide. There may be different

numbers of correct answers for each group.

BHC	a. Inorganic compound
Spray okl	b. Derived from plants
Systox	c. Highly toxic to humans
Aramite	d. Wholly a miticide
Nicotine	e. Organic phosphate
Malathion	f. Kills most insects and mites
Pyrethrum	g. Developed in the last 40 years
Ovotran	h. Residual action of a week or more
Lead Arsenate	i. Systemic action
Parathion	j. Little or no residual action
Bacillus thuringiensis	k. Presents a problem with flavor
	l. Kills eggs primarily

3. Briefly discuss the following; be specific.

a. Why is it usually a bad practice to apply insecticides to crops when they are in bloom?

b. Give some precautions and antidotes in the use of poisonous organic phosphate insecticides.

c. Compare dormant and summer oils as to their properties and uses.

d. Whet must be considered when using insecticies on crops near their harvest time?

e. Give the early history of rotenone.

f. For standard lead arsenate mention which crops and the insects that are controlled.

g. What are the advantages of insecticidal sprays that have a selective control action?

h. What are the differences between BHC and Lindane?

i. What are the structures of an insect's mouthparts and how are they modified in the piercing-sucking type?

j. Note the fundamental reasons for insects being so important.

4. Draw a typical insect walking leg and a typical grasping leg. Label the parts.

5. List the key events in their approximate sequence that resulted in the growth of Entomology during the period from 1850 to 1900.

6. True or False: Correct the false answers so that it is clear why you consider them false:

a. ( ) Insects typically have two pairs of wings, three pairs of legs and two pairs of antennae.

b. ( ). Insects, spiders and crabs all belong to the class Arthropoda.

c. ( ). Chemical control of insects is often the most permanent method of control.

d. ( ). The benefits outweigh the harm done by insects.

e. ( ). Pollination and biological control of insects are the two greatest benefits derived from insects.

f. ( ). The food habits of immature hemimetabolous insects are similar to that of the adults.

g. ( ). Insect wings have developed from primitive legs.

h. ( ). Insect wings are fastened to the first and third segments of the thorax.

i. ( ). The mandibles are lengthened and fused to form the butterfly mouthparts.

j. ( ). Most diseases, which are carried by insects, are carried by those with chewing mouthparts.

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Bibliography #1 Bibliography #2 Citations