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48.  Derived from:  Legner, E. F. & D. Gerling.  1967.  Host-feeding and oviposition on Musca domestica by Spalangia cameroni, Nasonia vitripennis, and  Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) influences their longevity and fecundity.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(3):  678-691.

 

{NOTE:  All Muscidifurax females regularly superparasitize their hosts (i.e., deposit more than one egg on a host pupa).  However, in gregarious sibling species development results in the survival of more than one individual to the adult stage.  In solitary species only a single individual survives to the adult stage.}

 

Summary

 

 

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