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Asian Wooly Hackberry Aphid

 

Shivaphis celti (Essig & Kuwana) -- Hemiptera:  Aphididae

 

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       This aphid was first detected in North America on native hackberry trees (Celtis occidentalis) in Georgia in 1996 and has been then found throughout the southeastern states.  Although the aphid is originally from Asia, since its introduction to North America it has spread throughout the southeastern United States and wesward.   In California the aphid now may  be all over the state wherever hackberries are planted. By the year 2002 the aphid had arrived in the San Joaquin Valley of California on the commonly planted Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis Pers.).  It is not known if this was a new introduction from China where the aphid originates.  Complaints from business and the public caused several municipalities regarded the  hackberry as a threat.  But the tree is a well-adapted shade tree in the Central Valley of California and composes about 10% of some urban plantings in the area. Some municipalities have been treating all hackberry trees in parks and parkways with systemic insecticides.

 

       The aphid appears to be restricted to hackberry trees (Celtis spp.).  It is a pest because it produces copious amounts of honeydew, which creates a sticky mess and promotes the growth of blackish sooty mold on surfaces beneath infested trees.  This honeydew makes it an intolerable pest in residential and business districts where the tree is widely used to shade parking lots and walkways.  Honeydew production has been documented at double previously developed tolerance thresholds.  In the San Joaquin Valley, populations have usually been highest in the spring and fall months with lower numbers occurring through the summer.  No long-term or serious damage to hackberry trees has been found after several years of infestations by this aphid.

 

REFERENCES:                                                                                               FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES

 

 

 

 

 

Bhagat, R. C.  1982.  On two new aphid parasitoids of genus Trioxys (Aphidiidae: Hymenoptera) from Kashmir, India.  Entomon. 7:  321-324.

 

Blackman, R. L.  &  V. F. Eastop.   1994.  Aphids on the world's trees.  CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 466 p.

Chadrabarti. S.  1988.  Revision of the Drepanosiphinae (Homoptera: Aphididae) from the Indian subregion.  Oriental Insects 22:  1-86.

 

Economic Insect Fauna of China.  1982.  New genera and new species of Chinese Callaphididae and Chaitophoridae (Homoptera).  Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 7:  67-77.

 

Economic Insect Fauna of China.  1983.   Homoptera: Aphidinea.  Science Press, Beijing. Volume 25, Part I. 387 p.

 

Higuchi, H.  1972.  A taxonomic study of the subfamily Callipterinae in Japan.  Insecta Matsumurana 35:  19-126.

 

Quednau, F. W.  1979.  A list of the Drepanosiphine aphids from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea with taxonomic notes and descriptions of new species (Homoptera).  Annales Zoologici Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Zoologii 34:  501-528.

 

Quednau, F. W. &  G. Remaudière.  1985.  Une nouvelle espèce du genre Shivaphis Das de Turquie (Homoptera: Aphididae).   Canadian Entomologist 117:  227-232.

 

Raychaudhuri, D. N.; A. K. Ghosh, R. C. Basu,  M. R. Ghosh,  M. Chattierjee,  S. Chakrabarti  &  P. K. Pal.  1980.  Aphids of north-east India and Bhutan.  The Zoological Society, Calcutta. 521 p.

 

Raychaudhuri, D; D. N. Raychaudhuri  &  T. K. Singh.  1981.  Redescription of Shivaphis celti (oviparae) and Myzus varians (Homoptera: Aphididae) hitherto unknown from India.  Science and Culture 47:  171- 172.

 

Remaudière, G. & M. Remaudière.  1997.  Catalogue des Aphididae du monde.  Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris. 473 p.

 

Shujauddin.  1982.  Description of a new species of the genus Trioxys Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and new record of Trioxys (Trioxys) pallidus (Hal.) from Kashmir (India).  Journal of Entomological Research 6:  146-149.

 

Zhang, G-X. & T-S. Zhong.  1990.  New species and a new record of Callaphididae and Aphididae from northeast China (Homoptera: Aphididae).  Acta Entomologica Sinica 33:  84-88.

 

FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES:

 

Attia, A. A.; A. H. El-Heneidy  &  E. A. EL-Kady.  1898.   Studies on the aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Egypt.  Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte, 66:  319 - 324.

 

Chiappini, E., S. V. Triapitzin & A. Donev.  1996.  Key to the Holarctic species of Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with a review of the Nearctic and Palaearctic (other than European) species and descriptions of new taxa.  Journal of Natural History 30:  551-595.

 

El-Heneidy, A. H.  1991.  Seasonal abundance of aphids and their natural enemies in wheat fields in Upper Egypt. Egypt. J. Biol. Pest Cont., 1(1):  5 - 10.

 

El-Heneidy, A. H.  &  A. A. Attia.  1988.  Evaluation to the role of parasitoids and predators associated with aphids in wheat fields, Egypt. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte, Econ. Ser.17:  137-147.  

 

El-Heneidy, A. H.; B. Klausnitzer  &  K. Richter.  1987.  Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Parasitoide (Hymenoptera) von Aphis fabae crisiiacanthoidas  Scop. im Gebiet von  leipzig.  Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 31:  67-70.

 

El-Heneidy, A. H.; K. Richter & B. Klausnitzer.  1989.   Experimentele  Untersuchungen zum Wirt-Parasitoid-Complex von Aphis fabae crisiiacanthoidas Scop., (Homoptera: Aphididae) und Lysiphlibus fabarum Marsh. (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae).   Zeitschrift fur angewandete Entomologie 1989.

 

Triapitzin, S. V.  1995a.  The identities of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoid of the grape and blackberry leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in California.  Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71 (4):  250-251.

 

Triapitzin, S. V.  1995b.  A review of the Australian species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae).  Russian Entomological Journal 4 (1-4):  105-108.

 

Triapitzin, S. V.  1997.  The genus Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in America south of the United States: a review.  Ceiba (Zamorano, Honduras) 38 (1):  1-12.

 

Triapitzin, S. V.  1998.  Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoids of Erythroneura spp. and other leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in North American vineyards and orchards: a taxonomic review.  Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 124 (2):  77-112.

 

Triapitzin, S. V., R. F. Mizell III,  J. L. Bossart & C. E. Carlton.  1998.  Egg parasitoids of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae).  Florida Entomologist 81 (2):  241-243.

 

Triapitzin, S. V. & D. Strong.  1995.  A new Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Prokelisia spp. (Homoptera: Delphacidae).  Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71 (4):  199-203.

 

Walker, G. P., N. Zareh, I. M. Bayoun & S. V. Triapitzin.  1997.  Introduction of western Asian egg parasitoids into California for biological control of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus.  Pan-Pacific Entomologist 73 (4):  236-242.