FILE: <entomophagous lepidop.htm> Bibliography Bibliography #2 Terminology [Navigate to MAIN MENU

Major Families of Adult

Entomophagous Lepidoptera

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LEPIDOPTERA <General Characteristics> [Latest Classification]

228

227a. Antennae simple or modified, but usually not swollen apically; hind wing with frenulum (= bristle or group of bristles arising at humeral angle); ocelli often present ........... (Lepidoptera) (Heterocera)

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227b. Antennae knobbed at tip; hind wing without a frenulum; ocelli absent (Figs.A-D) ……A.….... (Lepidoptera) (Rhopalocera) Lycaenidae

<Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

229

228a (227a). Wings absent or greatly reduced in size

231

228b. Wings normally developed.

230

229a (228a). Moth does not develop in a sac constructed by the larva

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229b. Moth develops in and often never leaves sac constructed by the larva (Fig.A) (also see couplets 233, 235 & 236) .......... A........ (Lepidoptera) Psychidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

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230a (229a). Proboscis absent or vestigial (Figs.A-B) (also see couplet 238).......A..... (Lepidoptera) Pyralididae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

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230b. Proboscis present (Figs.A-D) (also see couplets 237 & 238) …... ( Lepidoptera) Noctuidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

232

231a (228b). Hind wing with 3 anal veins; fore wing usually with 1st anal vein reaching wing margin

236

231b. Hind wing with 2 anal veins, rarely with 1

233

232a (231a). Hind wing with veins S-c+R-1 and R-s widely separate beyond discal cell

238

232b. Hind wing with veins S-c+R-1 and R-s fused or closely parallel between discal cell and wing tip

234

233a (232a). Fore wings with radial (accessory) cell

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233b. Fore wings without radial cell (Fig.229b-A) (also see couplets 229, 235 & 236)... A ...... (Lepidoptera) Psychidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

235

234a (233a). Proboscis vestigial

239

234b. Mouthparts usually developed, with scaled proboscis

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235a (234a). Tibial spurs short or absent (Fig.A).......A.......(Lepidoptera) Epipyropidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

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235b. Hind tibia with 2 pairs of spurs (Fig.229b-A) (also see couplets 229, 233 & 236) ........ (Lepidoptera) Psychidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

237

236a (231b). Fore wing with single complete anal vein

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236b. Fore wing with anal veins almost fused or connected by a crossvein so as to end as a single vein (Fig.229b-A) (also see couplets 229, 233 & 235) … A.…... (Lepidoptera) Psychidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

238

237a (236a). Shaft of antennae tapering evenly from base to tip

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237b. Antennae thickened before tip, usually ending in a down curved hook (Figs.230b-A-D) (also see couplets 230 & 238) ....... A.......(Lepidoptera) Noctuidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

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238a (232b & 237a). Hind wing with S-c usually free from R-s along the cell, though sometimes extending near it (also see couplet 230)…(Lepidoptera) Pyralidae (Chrysauginae, ......... Phycitinae, Pyraustinae)

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238b. Hind wing with S_c fused with R_s for short distance before the middle of cell ..... .. Noctuidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

240

239a (234b). Maxillary palpi straight and extend forward horizontally, or vestigial

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239b. Maxillary palpi conspicuous, folded in resting position…..... (Lepidoptera) Oinophilidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

241

240a (239a). Basal segment of antenna simple, though often with scales, hairs, or bristles

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240b. Basal segment of antenna enlarged and concave beneath, forming an eyecap (Fig.A (also see couplet 247) .......A.…... (Lepidoptera) Blastobasidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

242

241a (240a). Hind wing with well-developed anal region; venation almost complete

244

241b. Hind wing narrow-lanceolate or linear; venation often reduced.

243

242a (241a). Hind wing with anal vein not distally forked

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242b. Hind wing with 3rd anal vein distally forked (Figs A-B)...…A........ (Lepidoptera) Cyclotornidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

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243a (242a). Upper side of hind wing with fringe of long hairs on basal part of Cu…... (Lepidoptera) Olethreutidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

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243b. Hind wing without long hairs on basal part of Cu (Fig.A)......A........(Lepidoptera) Tortricidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

245

244a (241b). Fore wing with discal cell formed

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244b. Fore wing without closed cell (Fig.A) (Also see couplet 245…..A.......(Lepidoptera) Heliodinidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

246

245a (244a). Hind tarsi without evident groups of bristles

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245b. Hind tarsi with somewhat distinct groups of bristles near the ends of the several segments (Fig.244b-A) (also see couplet 244) ......... A .......... (Lepidoptera) Heliodinidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

247

246a (245a). Fore wing with discal cell set obliquely, the end distinctly closer to the hind margin than to costa; vein Cu-2 very short and usually extending directly back to wing margin

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246b. Fore wing with discal cell axial and central; vein Cu-2 normally long and continuing parallel with median veins (also see couplet 247) ....... ( Lepidoptera) Lavernidae & Cosmopterygidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

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247a (246a). Fore wing with blunt discal cell; veins R-2 and Cu arising from the end of discal cell (Fig.240b-A) .. A .........(Lepidoptera) Blastobasidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

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247b. Fore wing without stigma; vein R-2 arising distinctly before end of discal cell (Fig.A) (also see couplet 246) ............ (Lepidoptera) Cosmopterigidae

<Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>