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Key to Families / Subfamilies of Cynipoidea
(Derived primarily from
Gauld & Bolton 1988)
(Email Contacts)
Please refer to <Guide> for more
illustrations
Cynipoidea
<Overview>
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1a. Largest segment of gaster
(in lateral view) the 6th; radial cell of fore wing at least 9X as long as
broad; female gaster very much laterally compressed, bladelike; length
usually >10 mm ..... Ibaliidae <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles>
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1b. Largest segment of
gaster (in lateral view) the 2nd or 3rd (Figs. 84-86); radial cell of fore wing
much less than 9X as long as broad; female gaster less less compressed;
length <10 mm
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1c. Petiolate abdomen that is
attached above the bases of the hind coxae
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2a. Scutellum with a dorsal
cup-shaped process; pronotum often very pronounced, produced frontodorsally
into an anterior plate with a solid posterior margin ............. Cynipidae <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles> Eucoilinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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2b. Scutellum without
cup-shaped process; pronotum if raised dorsally into an anterior plate then
without a posterior margin, very often indistinct or absent
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3a. Winged; fore wing
with Rs+M, when visible, arises from a point at or close to the junction of
Rs&M with M+Cu1; female gaster often with
tergite 3 the largest, although at times
it is tergite 2; mesosoma at least partially sculptured;
scutellum sometimes with an apical spine ......... Figitidae <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles>
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3b. Winged or wingless;
fore wing with Rs+M when visible, arising from a point nearer the middle of
Rs&M than to the junction of Rs&M with M+Cu1; gaster of female with largest tergite either the 2nd or the 2nd and 3rd fused (with or without an obsolete suture visible); entire
mesosoma often smooth and shiny; scutellum never with an apical spine
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4a. Vertex (= top of
head), mesonotum, scutellum, mesepisternum and gaster smooth and shiny; mid
tibia often with only one spur, hind tibia with 1-2 unequal spurs; pronotum
distinctly angled anteriorly, forming a vertical ridge; gaster with a ring
of pubescence at base of tergite 2; male
often with 4th, rarely 3rd or 3rd to 5th antennal segment notched ............ Cynipidae <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles>
(Charipinae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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4b. At least vertex,
mesonotum, scutellum or gaster sculptured; mid and hind tibia each with two
distinct spurs; pronotum generally not distinctly angled anteriorly but if
a ridge is indicated then head and thorax heavily sculptured; gaster only
rarely with pubescence at base of tergite 2; notched
segment of male antenna, when present, always the 3rd ........ Cynipidae (Cynipinae) <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles>
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5a These insects have a petiolate abdomen, which is
attached above the bases of the hind coxae. Three are rare species about
which few details are known. Liopteridae <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles>, There were three subfamilies known as of
1993
(Ritchie (1993): Liopterinae, Oberthuerellinae, and Mesocynipinae. Oberthuerellinae has a noticeable spine on the underside of the
metafemur; Liopterinae has the
metasomal petiole elongated; and the petiole of the Mesocynipinae is shorter
than wide.
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