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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS, WEEDS,
MOLLUSCS
AND INSECT IDENTIFICATION
Basic Course
(Contacts)
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<ADVANCED
BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL>
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INTRODUCTION This set
of outlines and readings is compiled specifically for Entomology 129 and
129-L, "Introduction to Biological Control" presented at the
University of California, Riverside. The course consists of 2 lecture and 2
laboratory units per week. The
majority of students will probably find some extra instructor contact time
necessary; therefore, the laboratory is accessible for additional work at
night and at certain times during the day and on weekends. The instructors
are available for consultation during unscheduled hours. A number of oral quizzes interspersed with
written examinations will be given, and a specific date will be designated by
which time the quiz must have been taken. The oral quizzes will also serve as
discussion sections. A knowledge of the lecture, assigned textbook materials
and laboratory experiments is expected.
It is believed that the material presented offers a sound overview for
those students who will pursue additional advanced courses in biological
control. Emphasis is on those aspects which have yielded the greatest number
of control successes: the acquisition, culture, establishment and
manipulation of new natural enemy species. The numerous citations are meant
to cover only that material which will familiarize the student with the
subject matter in a broad sense. Appreciation is expressed to Professors P.
H. DeBach, C. A. Fleschner and S. E. Flanders (all deceased) who have taught
this course in previous years and who have made valuable contributions.
Further acknowledgment is made to Professors C. P. Clausen, B. R. Bartlett,
T. S. Bellows, T. W. Fisher, R. D. Goeden, D. Gonzalez, G. Gordh, I. M. Hall,
R. F. Luck, J. A. McMurtry, E. R. Oatman, S. N. Thompson and P. H. Timberlake
of the Department of Entomology for their counsel. Appreciation is also
expressed to the numerous students who have contributed to the acquisition of
information presented while enrolled in this course in previous years. BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL Course Outline Section 1 <ENT129.1> Introduction and Scope of Biological Control Economics, Important
Terms, References Section 2 <BC-4.htm > National and International Organizations Active in
Biological Control International
Institute of Biological Control , L'Organisation Internationale de Lutte
Biologique, United States Department of
Agriculture, Individual
Countries, References Section 3 <ENT129.3> History of Biological Control Insect Predation,
Insect Parasitoidism , Biological Control in the 18th Century, Biological
Control in the Early 19th Century, Biological Control in the Late 19th Century
Biological Control in the 20th Century, References Section 4 <ENT129.4> Concepts in Population Ecology Important
to Biological Control Early Period,
Contemporary Period, References Section 5 <ENT129.5> Biological Characteristics of Arthropophagous Arthropods Groups of
Parasitoids, Hyperparasitism, Autoparasitism, Indirect Hyperparasitism,
Facultative Hyperparasitism, Multiple Parasitism, The Imago or Adult Parasitoid
Mating, Ovigenesis, Host-feeding, Ovisorption, References Section 6 <ENT129.6> Ontogeny, Sex Determination,
Parthenogenesis, Host Selection, Polygenes Ontogeny, Sex Determination
and Parthenogenesis, Host Selection, Polygenes and Extranuclear Inheritance,
References Section 7 <ENT129.7> Foreign Exploration For Beneficial Organisms Guidelines in Foreign
Exploration, Procedures in Planning and Preparation For Explorations,
Recognition of Promising Natural Enemies Abroad, Good Collection Sites
Precautions, References Section 8 <ENT129.8> Quarantine Procedures During Importation History in the United
States, Quarantine Policy at the University of California, Quarantine
Procedures, References Section 9 <ENT129.9> Colonization, Recovery & Evaluation of Natural Enemies Colonization, Direct
Field Releases of Imported Organisms, Ecological Factors Influencing Success
or Failure, Release Numbers, Redistribution, Recovery. Prediction of Success, Evaluation,
References Section 10 <ENT129.10> Manipulation of Natural Enemies and the Environment. Justification,
Reasons for Manipulation, Methods Employed,
Special Details, References Section 11 <ENT129.11> Experimental Design & Sampling Importance,
Approaches, Methods, Sampling Routine, Techniques For Evaluation, Methods For
Detecting Predation/Parasitism, References Section 12 <ENT129.12> Systematics & Biological Control History, Importance
of Taxonomy to Biological Control, Natural Enemy Identification, Biological
Control Contributions to Taxonomy, Sources of Taxonomic Expertise References Section 13 <ENT129.13> Analysis of Successes in Biological Control. Island Theory,
Multiple Versus "The Best" Species, Clausen's 3-Host Generation/
3-Year Rule, Single Larval Parasitoid Importations, Single Pupal Parasitoid
Generalizations, Pest Groups, Natural Enemy Groups, References Section 14 <ENT129.14> Economic Gains From Biological Control Cost Effectiveness,
Biological Control From Naturally Occurring Organisms, Estimation of the
Benefits and Costs of Classical Biological Control, References Section 15 <BC-38.htm > Biological Control of Weeds Losses and Numbers of
Weeds, Concepts and Techniques Unique to Biological Weed Control, Emphasis
Biological Weed Control. Other
Natural Enemies, Current Research Areas, Characteristics of Effective
Phytophagous Arthropods, Population Regulation Mechanism, References Section 16 <BC-37.htm > Biological Control of Arthropods of Medical &
Veterinary Importance Overview, Mosquitoes,
Synanthropic Diptera, Snails, References Section 17 <BC-50.htm >Arthropod
Pathology. Types of Diseases, Practical Usage,
References Section 18 <ENT129.18> Integration of Other Pest Control Methods. Need For, Integrated
Pest Management (IPM), Frequently Used Terms, Pest-Upset Versus Pest
Resurgence, Drawbacks of Chemical Control Selective Pesticides, Factors
Determining Physical Selectivity, References Section 19 <BC-6.htm > Trends & Future Possibilities Complexities,
Stimulation to Theories in Population Dynamics and Ecology, Future of
Classical Biological Control, Future of Integrated Control Future
of Insect Pathology, Future of Biological Weed Control, Future of Biological
Control of Medically
Important Pests, References |