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                                                                  GENERAL INDEX

 

DISCOVERIES IN NATURAL HISTORY & EXPLORATION

                           Archeology, Economic Botany, Biological Pest Control

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Words beginning with:  A,   B,   C,   D,   E,   F,   G,   H,   I,   J,   K,   L,   M,

 

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[For additional scientific names please see <scientif.htm> ]

 

 

<A words>

Acacia Psyllid, Acizzia uncatoides (Ferris & Klyver)

Acari (Biocontrol in Grapes)

Acarina

Acarina (associated species)

Acarina (distribution)

Acarina (field investigations)

Acarina (mass production)

Acarina (overview)

Acarina (taxonomic ambiguities)

Acarina for Biological Control of Armored Scale Insects

Acarina for Biological Control of Phytophagous Mites

Acarina in the Marine Environment

Accessory Gland Secretions

Accretive Inheritance

Acizzia uncatoides (Ferris & Klyver)

Acrobasis indigenella (Rascal Leafcrumpler)

Acroceridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Active Polygenic Loci

Acuminate egg

Adelphoparasitism

Adult Entomophage Nutritionm

Adult Parasitoid Food

Advanced Biological Control

Aeroscopic Plate

Aeroscopic Plate & Ovisorption

Aesthetic Important Plants

AFRICA (Pictures)

Africa Wildflowers

African cichlid fish

African honeybees

African Lakes (biome)

Africanized bees (in California)

Afrotropical Regional Section

Agaonidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

  Agaves

Age & Sex Ratio

Age-structured Population Systems

Agravidity

Agricultural Chemicals & Resistance

Agriotypidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Agroecosystem (biome)

Agroecosystems

Agroecosystems (Kinds of)

Agromyzidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Agrotis sp.

Alabama (Pictures)

Alabama argillacea (Hübner)

Alaska (Pictures)

Aldrovandi, U.

Aleochara spp.

Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance)

Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance)

Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby

Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell)

Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)

Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica (short-term crops)

Algeria (Pictures)

Alithal eggs

Alligatorweed, Alternanthera phylloxeroides (Martius) Grisebach

Allomones

Allozymes

Aloes

Alternanthera phylloxeroides (Martius) Grisebach

Alternate hosts (colonization)

Altieri, Manuel A.

Alysia spp.

Amblyseius californicus (McGregor)

Ambrosia spp.

American Samoa (Pictures)

Ampulicinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Amyelois transitella (Walker)

Analysis of Biological Weed Control Projects

Analysis of Successes in Biological Control

Anastrepha spp.

Anatomy

Andrenidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Andres, Lloyd A.

Androgenesis

Anesthetizing (culture)

Anhydropic eggs

Anhydropic species

Annual Fish

Anoplura

Ant Activity & Parasitoid Fecundity

Antagonists of Snails

Anthicidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Anthocoridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Anthomyiidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Anthonomus grandis Boheman

Anthophoridae (= Nomadidae) <Habits>;  <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Anthribidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Anticarsia gemmatalis

Antlions

Antolin, M.

Antonina graminis (Maskell)

Ants (as predators)

Ants (general)

Anystidae(Acarina)

Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)

Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) Taxonomy

Aonidiella aurantii (natural enemy exploration)

Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett)

Apanteles glomeratus

Apanteles-type Oviducts

Aphaereta spp.

Aphelinidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Aphid Biocontrol in Glasshouses

Aphid Biocontrol in Glasshouses

Aphidiidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Aphids

Apidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Apioceridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Apochrysidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Apoidea <Overview>

Apomictic

Apozygidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Apparent Mortality

Appendicular Ovipositor

Apple Leafhopper, Edwardsiana froggatti (Baker)

Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)

Application Time (pesticides)

Aquatic Fungi

Aquatic Midges

Aquatic Weeds

  ARCHEOLOGY IN AMERICA

Archeological Sites in America

Area Covered (searching)

Area Effecitvely Traversed

Area of Discovery

Argentina (Pictures)

Arizona (Pictures)

Arizona Biological Control, Inc.

Arkansas (Pictures)

Arrhenotokous & Thelytokous Reproduction

Arrhenotokous / Thelytokous Reproduction (cytology)

Arrhenotokous / Thelytokous Reproduction (early hypotheses)

Arrhenotokous / Thelytokous Reproduction (genetics)

Arrhenotokous / Thelytokous Reproduction (history)

Arrhenotokous / Thelytokous Reproduction (modern hypotheses)

Arrhenotokous / Thelytokous Reproduction (sex determination)

Arrhenotokous Reproduction (Generalities)

Arrhenotoky

Arrhenotoky vs. Thelytoky

Arrowhead Scale, Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana)

Arthropods  (against medically important pests)

Arthropods in Quarantine

Arthropophagous Arthropods

Arthur, A. P.

Artificial Media (continuous culture)

Asaphinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Ascalaphidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Ash Whitefly, Siphonius phillyraea (Haliday)

Asilidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Aspidiotus destructor Signoret

Astatinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Asterodiaspis variolosa (Ratzeburg)

Attraction of Natural Enemies

AUGMENTATION

Augmentation (Life Tables)

Augmentation (Trichogramma spp.)

Augmentation in Corn (Trichogramma spp.)

Augmentation in Cotton (Trichogramma spp.)

Augmentation of Natural Enemies in Forests

Augmentation of Natural Enemies in Weed Control

Augmentation of Plant Pathogens

Augmentation to Enhance Natural Enemy Impact

Augmentation With Microbial Pesticides

Augmentative Biological Control

Augmentative Strategies (Introduction)

Augmentative Strategies (Misc. crops)

Augmentative Strategies (Misc. crops)

Augmentative Strategies (Misc. natural enemies)

Augmentative Strategies (Trichogramma spp.)

Augmentative Strategies with Predatory Mites

Augmentative Strategies with Trichogramma spp.

Augmentive & Inundative Strategies With Natural Enemies

Aulacidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Australasia (Biological Control)

Australencyrtus Johnston & Tiegs

Australia (Pictures)

Australia Wildflowers

Australomalotylus Risbec

Austria (Pictures)

Austroniidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Austrosystasinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Austroterobiinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Autocidal & Pheromonal Control

Automictic

Autoparasitism

Autoparasitism (colonization)

Autumn Color (Pictures)

Average Abundance (importance of single species)

Average Abundance of Species

Avocado Brown Mite

Axtell, Richard C.

Azygotic

 

<B words>

Bacillus popilliae for Scarab Control

Bacillus thuringiensis (biological properties)

Bacillus thuringiensis (characteristics)

Bacillus thuringiensis (new isolates)

Bacillus thuringiensis details

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis DeBarjac (H-14) (mosquito control)

Background & Overview (Biological Control)

Bacteria (against medically important pests)

Bacteria (biocontrol use)

Baculoviruses (occuluded)

Balance (populations)

Barbados (Pictures)

Bartlett, Blair R.

Bassett's Cricket Ranch, Inc.

Bassi, Agustino

Bathon, H.

Bdellidae (Acarina)

Beauveria bassiana

Beegle, Clayton C.

Bees

Beet Leafhopper (natural enemy exploration)

Beetles

Beginning Biological Control

Behavior in Natural Enemy Culture

Behavior of Hosts in Culture

Behavior, Ontogeny & Reproduction in Natural Enemies

Behavioral and Ecological Phenomena & Progeny Number

Behavioral and Ecological Phenomena & Sex Ratio

Behavioral, Ecological and Physiological Factors affecting the Sex Ratio

Belgium (Pictures)

Bellini, R.

Bellows, Tom S., Jr.

Belostomatidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Bembicinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)

Beneficial Insectary

Benetech Insectary

BENEFICIAL  ORGANISMS (Pictures)

Bennett, Fred D.

Bermuda (Pictures)

Bermuda Cedar Scales, Carulaspis minima (Targ.-Tozz.) & Lepidosaphes newsteadi (Sulc.)

Bernays, E. A.

Berothidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Bethylidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Bethyloidea (= Chrysidoidea) <Overview>

Beverage Plants and Beverages

Bibliographies (of key researchers)

Bibliography (plants)

Biliotti, E. & R. Biliotti

Bio Ag Services Insectary

Bio-Agronomics Insectary

BIO CONTROL Bibliography

Biofac Insectary

Biological Characteristics of Arthropophagous Arthropods

Biological Check Method

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

Biological Control & Pest Control Science

Biological Control & Pesticide Use

Biological Control & Plant Resistance

Biological Control (importance)

Biological Control by Vertebrates

Biological Control Contributions to Taxonomy

Biological Control From Naturally Occurring Organisms

Biological Control History

Biological Control in Australasia

Biological Control in China & Korea

Biological Control in Cities & Towns

Biological Control in Cities & Towns (Introduction)

Biological Control in Deciduous Orchards

Biological Control in Eurasia

Biological Control in Forests

Biological Control in Glasshouses

Biological Control in Grapes (Introduction)

Biological Control in India

Biological Control in Japan

Biological Control in Pacific Islands

Biological Control in Range, Forage & Grain Crops (Introduction)

Biological Control in Southeast Asia

Biological Control in the 18th Century

Biological Control in the Early 19th Century

Biological Control in the Ethiopian Region

Biological Control in the Late 19th Century

Biological Control in the Middle East

Biological Control in the Nearctic North of Mexico

Biological Control in the Neotropics

Biological Control in the Neotropics (Overview)

Biological Control in Tropical & Subtropical Orchards

Biological Control Notable Projects (worldwide)

Biological Control of and by Acarina

Biological Control of and by Nematodes

Biological Control of and Implementing Vertebrates

Biological Control of Arthropods in Grapes

Biological Control of Arthropods in Range, Forage & Grain Crops

Biological Control of Arthropods in Row & Short‑term Crops

Biological Control of Coccidae

Biological Control of Houseflies

Biological Control of Hymenoptera

Biological Control of Medical & Veterinary Pests

Biological Control of Medically Important Pests (introduction)

Biological Control of Mosquitoes

Biological Control of Noxious Plants & Weeds

Biological Control of Plant Pathogens

Biological Control of Plant Pathogens (Introduction)

Biological Control of Snails

Biological Control of Synanthropic Diptera

Biological Control of Tephritidae

Biological Control of Tephritidae (Introduction)

Biological Control of Tephritidae (specific examples)

Biological Control of Vertebrates

Biological Control of Weeds (introduction)

Biological Control Organizations

Biological Control Organizations in Forestry

Biological Control Organizations in Noxious Plant Control

Biological Control Precepts

Biological Control Research Effort (size of)

Biological Control Research Organization

Biological Control Results in Specific Areas (Neotropics)

Biological Control Strategies (adoption)

Biological Control Successes

Biological Control Using Pathogens

Biological Control Using Pathogens (Introduction)

Biological Data in Taxonomy

BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL

Biological Pest Management Insectary

Biology of Predators

BIOLOGY.REF

Bionomics of Acarina

Biosteres spp. Attacking Fruitflies

Biotactics Insectary

Biotic Insecticide

Biotypes

Biparental Males

Bird Lice

Bird Species Observed in California

Birds Used in Biological Control

Black Sage, Cordia macrostachya (Jacquin) Roemer & Schultes

Black Scale, Saissetia oleae (Bernard)

Black Widow Spider, Latrodectus mactans (Fab.)

Blackberries, Rubus constrictus LeFavre & Mueller & Rubus ulmifolius Schott

Blastobasidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Blatella spp.

Blatta spp.

Blepharoceridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Bodenheimer, F. S.

Boisgiraud

Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman

Bombyliidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Booklice

Bosch, Robert van den

Bostrichidae (Biocontrol in Grapes)

Botany Index

Bottleneck (culture)

Bozeman Bio-Tech Insectary

Brachyscelidiphaginae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Bracon hebetor (Ashmead)

Braconidae (Parasitoids of Diptera)

Braconidae <Habits>; <Adults-1> & <Adults-2> & <Adults-3>; &  <Juveniles>

Bradynobaenidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Braulidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Brazil (Pictures)

Breakdown of Riverside Biocontrol Unit

Brentidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Bristletails

Bromeliads & Orchids

BRONZE AGE Europeans in America

Bronze Age Index

Bronze Age Visitors to America

Brown Soft Scale, Coccus hesperidum L.

Browning, H. W.

Brown-tail Moth, Nygmia phaeorrhoea (Donovan)

Buena Biosystems Insectary

Bunting Biological Insectary

Bush fly (Musca vetustissima)

Butterflies (familiar species)

Butterflies (general)

 

<C words>

Cacti & Other Desert Plants

Caddisflies

California (Pictures)

California Birds

California Red Scale (ideal biocontrol candidate)

California Red Scale (natural enemy exploration)

California Red Scale Taxonomy

California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)

Calliceratidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Calliphoridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Caltagirone, Leo E.

Caltec Agri Marketing Services

Camerobiidae (Acarina)

Canada (Natural Biological Control)

Cantharidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Carabidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Carbon dioxide (anesthetic)

CARIBBEAN (Pictures)

Carob Moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae

Carpocapsa pomonella (L.)

Carulaspis minima (Targ.-Tozz.)

Cassava Mealybug in Africa--Phenacoccus manihoti (short-term crops)

Cassava Mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero

Caste Bias

Caste Bias (characteristics)

Caste Determination (generalizations)

Castle (1903)

Caudate Larva

Causes of Genetic Change in Natural Enemy Culture

Cecidomyiidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Ceinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cellular defense reactions

Ceraphronidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Ceraphronoidea <Overivew>

Ceratopogonidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cercerinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cereal Leaf Beetle, Oulema melanoplus (L.)

Cereal Leaf Beetle, Oulema melanoplus (short-term crops)

Cerocephalinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Ceroplastes destructor Newstead

Ceroplastes rubens Maskell

Chalcididae (Parasitoids of Diptera)

Chalcididae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Chalcidoidea <Overview>; <General References>

Chalcids

Chamaemyidae (Ochthiphilidae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Channing, William F.

Chaparral Biome

Chapman, A. J.

Characteristics of Host-feeding

Characteristics of the Habitat (Plant Pathogens)

Characteristics of the Habitat that Attract or Repel Natural Enemies

Charipinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Chemical Communication

Chemical Control Drawbacks

Chemical Substances Affecting Behavior

Chemical surface disinfection (culture)

Chemical Usage (environmental management)

Chewing Lice

Cheyletidae (Acarina)

Chicken cockerels

Chile (Pictures)

Chilling (diapause)

China & Korea (Biological Control)

Chioaspis pinifoliae (Fitch)

Chironomid Midges, Chironomus spp.

Chironomidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Chironomus spp.

Chlorohydra viridissima (Pallas)

Chloropid Gnats (Hippelates, Leptoconops, etc.)

Chloropidae (Oscinidae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Chloropulvinaria psidii (Maskell)

Chondrilla juncea L.

Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach)

Chromeurytominae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Chrysaugidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Chrysididae (+ Cleptidae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Chrysididae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan)

Chrysomphalus ficus Ashmead

Chrysomphalus. aonidum (L.)

Chrysopidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cicadas

Cicadellidae (Biocontrol in Grapes)

Cicindelidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Circulifer tenellus (natural enemy exploration)

Cities & Towns (Biological Control)

Citricola Scale, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana)

Citriculus Mealybug, Pseudococcus citriculus Green

Citrophilus Mealybug, Pseudococcus fragilis Brain

Citrus Blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby

Citrus Mealybug Biocontrol in Glasshouses

Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso)

Citrus red mite

Citrus Whitefly, Dialeurodes citri Ashmead

CLASSIC PERIOD IN AMERICA (150 AD - 900 AD)

Classical Biological Control

Classical Biological Control in Deciduous Orchards

Classical Biological Control in Short Term Crops

Classical Biological Control.of Weeds

Classification of Hymenoptera by the Female's Reproductive System

Clausen, Curtis P.

Clausen's 3‑Host Generation/ 3‑Year Rule

Clean Cultivation (adverse effects)

Cleavage

Cleonyminae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cleptoparasitoid

Cleridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Clidemia hirta (L.)

Climate Affecting  Insects (examples)

Climate as a Factor in the Natural Control of Organisms

Climatic Effects (conclusions)

Climatic Effects (overview)

Cloned or Selected Lines (tests for)

Coast Agri-Pro-tect Dept. (Insectary)

Coccidae

Coccidae (Biocontrol in Grapes)

Coccinella undecimpunctata

Coccinellidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Coccus hesperidum L.

Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana)

Cockroaches (general)

Cockroaches, Blatella, Blatta, Periplaneta, & Supella (Biocontrol)

Coconut Leaf-mining Beetle, Promecotheca reichei Baly

Coconut Moth, Levuana irridescens Bethune-Baker

Coconut Scale, Aspidiotus destructor Signoret

Codling Moth (natural enemy exploration)

Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L. [= Cydia pomonella (L.)]

Coefficient of Heritability

Coelocybinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Coelomomyces

Coexistence Principle

Coffee Mealybug Taxonomy

Coffee Mealybug, Planococcus kenyae (LePelley)

Cold room (quarantine)

Coleman, N. J.

Coleophora laricella Hübner

Coleophora laricella Hübner (forestry biocontrol)

Coleoptera (Biocontrol in Grapes)

Coleoptera (General)

COLEOPTERA (parasites/predators) <General Characteristics>

COLLEMBOLA

Colletidae (= Hylaeidae) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Colombian Defoliator (forestry)

Colombian Defoliator, Oxydia trychiata (Guenée)

Colonization (Ecological Factors Influencing Success or Failure)

Colonization of Natural Enemies

Colonization of Natural Enemies (detailed procedures)

Colonization of Natural Enemies (evaluation)

Colonization of Natural Enemies (factors influencing establishment)

Colonization of Natural Enemies (liberation procedure)

Colonization of Natural Enemies (overview)

Colonization of Natural Enemies (recovery)

Colonization of Natural Enemies (release numbers)

Colonization of Natural Enemies (sampling and distribution)

Colonization of Natural Enemies (success prediction)

Colorado (Pictures)

Colotrechinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Colydiidae <Habits.>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Common Egg Shapes in Parasitoids

Communication (Chemical)

Communication Equipment (quarantine)

COMMUNITY INSTRUCTION

Compere, George

Compere, George & Harold Compere

Competing Herbivores and Natural Enemies

Competing Natural Enemies

Competition

Competition Curve

Competitive Antagonists & Antibiotic Production

Competitive Displacement (examples)

Competitive Displacement (mechanisms)

Competitive Displacement (overview)

Competitive Displacement and Biological Control

Competitive Displacement of Non-homologues

Competitive Displacement Principle

Competitive Displacement, Exclusion and Coexistence

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Complexities (in populations)

Comstock Mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana)

Conditions Favoring the Adoption of Biological Control Strategies

Coniferous Forest biome

Coniopterygidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Connecticut (Pictures)

Conopidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Consequences of Pesticide Use in the Neotropics

Consequences of Thelytoky

Conservation

Conservation of Biological Weed Control Organisms

Conservation of Natural Enemies in Forests

Conservation of Plant Pathogens

Conservation to Enhance Natural Enemy Impact

Considerations on Geographical Origin (of the pest)

Constricted Waist (Petiolate Abdomen)

Consumer Dynamics

Contagious diseases (culture)

Contaminants in Host Cultures

Contamination in Natural Enemy Culture

Continuous Culture on Artificial Media

Control (population)

Coppel, Harry C.

Coquillett, D. W.

Cordia macrostachya (Jacquin) Roemer & Schultes

Corn Earworm (natural enemy exploration)

Corpus allatum

Corpus cardiacum

Corrodentia (General)

CORRODENTIA (predators)  <General Characteristics>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Corydalidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cosmopterigidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cost Effectiveness

Costa Rica (Pictures)

Costs of Classical Biological Control

Costs of Natural Enemy Production

Cotton Bollworm (natural enemy exploration)

Cottony-cushion scale (ideal biocontrol candidate)

Cottony-cushion Scale, Icerya purchasi Maskell

Courtship & Copulation

Crabroninae <Habits>; >Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cratominae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Crawford, Frazer

Creating Pesticide Resistant Enemies

Crickets

Crozier, R. H.

Ctenopharygodon idella Valenciennes (mosquito control)

Ctenoplectridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cuba (Pictures)

Cuban Laurel Thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal

Cucujidae (incl. Passandridae) <Habits>;  <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Culex tarsalis Coquillett

Culicidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Culicinomyces clavosporus Couch, Romney & Rao

Cultivation & Habitat Disturbance

Cultural Control Methods

Culture of Hosts For Natural Enemies

CULTURE of Natural Enemies

Culture of Natural Enemies

Culture of Natural Enemies (behavior)

Culture of Natural Enemies (contamination)

Culture of Natural Enemies (diapause)

Culture of Natural Enemies (genetic change causes)

Culture of Natural Enemies (genetic change)

Culture of Natural Enemies (genetic diversity)

Culture of Natural Enemies (mating)

Culture of Natural Enemies (quality assessment)

Culture of Natural Enemies (rearing density)

Culture of Natural Enemies (sex-ratio changes)

Culture of Natural Enemies (techniques)

Cunaxidae (Acarina)

Curculionidae (Biocontrol in Grapes)

Cuscuta spp.

Cyclopoid Larva

Cyclops vernalis Fisher

Cyclotornidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cydia (Carpocapsa) pomonella (natural enemy exploration)

Cydia pomonella L. [= Carpocapsa pomonella (L.)]

Cynipidae (Parasitoids of Diptera)

Cynipidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cynipinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cynipoidea <Overview>

Cyprinodon spp.

Cyrtidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Cytoplasmic Genome

Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Viruses

Czech Republic (Pictures)

 

<D words>

da Cuhna & Kerr

Dactylopius ceylonicus

Dacus cucurbitae Coquillet

Dacus cucurbitae Coquillet (short-term crops)

Dacus dorsalis Hendel

Dahlsten, Donald L.

Damselflies

Darmstadt (Institute für Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung, Darmstadt)

Darwin, Erasmus

Dascillidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Databases (Riverside Municipal Museum)

DDT Check Method

De Reamur

Death Rates

DeBach, Paul H.

Deciduous Orchards

Deciduous Orchards (Classical Biological Control)

Deciduous Orchards (management of 2ndry Pests)

Deciduous Orchards Biocontrol (introduction)

Defense Reactions of Host (overview)

Delaware (Pictures)

Delayed & Interrupted Oviposition

Delayed Density Dependence

Dendroctonus micans (Kugelmann)

Dendroctonus micans (Kugelmann) (forestry biocontrol)

Denmark (Pictures)

Deployment of Wary Genes For Control

Dermacentor andersoni Stiles

Dermacentor spp.

Dermaptera (General)

DERMAPTERA (predators) <General Characteristics>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Dermestidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Designs (Experimental)

Detailed Case Histories of Salient Worldwide Biological Control Projects

Detecting Predation/Parasitism

Determination of Progeny Number

Detoxification Enzyme Differences

Deuterotoky

Development & Use of Beneficial Plant Pathogens

Development of the Egg

Development Rate of Parasitoid

Dialeurodes citri Ashmead

Diapause

Diapause (direct & indirect action)

Diapause (endocrine processes)

Diapause (overview)

Diapause (perception)

Diapause (sensitive stages)

Diapause (theories & experiments)

Diapause in Developmental Stages and the Imago

Diapause in Natural Enemy Culture

Diapause in Parasitic Insects

Diapause Termination (characteristics)

Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama)

Diaphorina Psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama)

Diapriidae (Parasitoids of Diptera)

Diapriidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Diatraea saccharalis (Fab.)

Dickler, E.

DICTIONARY  (Morphology)

DICTIONARY (Scientific Terms)

dictionary of Insect Scientific & Common Names

Dictyospermum Scale, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan)

Dicyclus pallinervosus Walker

Dietrick, Everett J.

Dietrick, Everett J. -- Rincon-Vitova

Diets (synthetic)

Dilaridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Diparinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Diploid Azygote

Diplura

Diptera (General)

DIPTERA (parasites/predators) <General Characteristics>; <Adults>; <Juveniles>

Direct Density Dependence

Direct Effects of the Cytoplasmic Genome

Direct Pests

Dirhinoides Masi

Dirhinoides mathuri Mani & Dubey

Dirhinus

Dirhinus anthracia Walker

Dirhinus bakeri (Crawford)

Dirhinus banksi Rohwer

Dirhinus frequens Masi

Dirhinus himalayanus Westwood

Dirhinus intermedius Mani & Dubey

Dirhinus luciliae Rohwer

Dirhinus luzonensis Rohwer

Dirhinus pachycerus Masi

Dirhinus sarcophagae Froggatt

Dirhinus vlasovi Nikolskaya

Dirrhinoidea Girault

Dirrhinus crythroceras Cameron

Dirrhinus Dalman

Dirrhinus ruficornis Cameron

DISCOVERIES IN NATURAL HISTORY & EXPLORATION

Discovery & Importation of Natural Enemies

Discovery of New Natural Enemies (introduction)

Discovery of New Natural Enemies (planning & preparation)

Discovery of New Natural Enemies (purpose & need)

Disposal in Quarantine

District of Columbia (Pictures)

Ditropinotellinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Diuraphis noxia Mordwilko

Diurnal Activity of Natural Enemies

DNA Restriction Fragment Analyses

Dobbins, J. R.

Dobsonflies

Dodder, Cuscuta spp.

Dolichopodidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Dominance

Dominica (Pictures)

Dominican Republic (Pictures)

Doutt, Richard L.

Dragonflies

Drawbacks of Chemical Control

Drift of Pesticides

Drilidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Drosophilidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Drugs from Plants

Dryinidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Dufour's Gland

Dust & Gaseous Pollutants

Dye Materials

Dynamics in Short Term Crops

Dytiscidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Dzierzon, Johannes

 

<E words>

Earias fabia.

Earias insulana Boisduval

EARLY HUMANS in America

Early Stages of Ontogeny

Earwigs

East Asian Regional Section

East Palearctic Regional Section

Eastern United States (Natural Biological Control)

Ecological Data in Taxonomy

Ecological Factors affecting the Sex Ratios

Ecological Factors Influencing Success or Failure of Colonization

Ecological Roles For Natural Enemies

Ecologically Incomplete Parasitism

Ecologically Selective Pesticide

Ecology

Ecology of Parasitoids

Ecology of Predators

Economic Botany

Economic Gains from Biological Control

Economic Plants Index

Economics

Ectoparasitoid

Ectrephidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Edwardsiana froggatti (Baker)

Egg Development

Egg Resorption

Egg Size & Shape

Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms

Elasmidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Elateridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Elatoidinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Electrophoresis & Isoelectric Focusing

Elm Leaf Beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller)

Embioptera

Embolemidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Embryology / Ontogeny / Anatomy

Empididae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Encapsulation (phagocytosis)

Encumbered Host Defenses

Encumbered Natural Enemies

Encyrtidae (Parasitoids of Diptera)

Encyrtidae <Habits>; <Adults-1> & <Adults-2>; & <Juveniles>

Encyrtiform egg

Encyrtus vindemiae Rondani

Endoparasitoid

Endophilic Flies (in Medical Entomology)

Endoskeleton

England (Pictures)

Enhancing Natural Enemies (mechanisms)

Enhancing Natural Enemy Impact

Enhancing Natural Enemy Impact (further details)

Eniaca Kirby

Eniacella bicornuticeps Girault

Eniacella Girault

Eniacella rufricornis Girault

Eniacomorpha Girault

Enicocephalidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Entomophaga / Host Interactions (Host Type & Quality)

Entomophage Abundance & Insecticides

Entomopoxviruses

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Environmental Management (chemical usage)

Environmental Management (Introduction)

Environmental Management (text)

Environmental Management (Types)

Environmental Manipulation

Ephemeroptera

Epipyropidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Equilibrium Level

Equilibrium Value

Eriophyidae (Biocontrol in Grapes)

Erotolepsiinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Eruciform Larva

Erythraeidae (Acarina)

Essential Oils

Establishing Phytophagous Biological Control Agents

Establishing Quarantine Facilities

Establishment of Natural Enemies (factors influencing)

Estimation of the Costs of Classical Biological Control

Estimations of the Number of Active Polygenic Loci

Ethiopia (Pictures)

Ethiopian Region (Biological Control)

Ethnic Diversity in America Before Columbus

Ethological Selection

Eucallipterus tiliae L.

Eucalyptus Longhorn Borer

Eucalyptus Snout Beetle, Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal

Eucharitidae (= Eucharidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Eucnemidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Eucoilidae (Parasitoids of Diptera)

Eucoiliform Larva

Eucoilinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Eulophidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Eumenidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Eunotinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Eupalopsellidae (Acarina)

Eupatorium odoratum L.

Eupatorium shrubby weed, Eupatorium odoratum L.

Eupelmidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Eurasia (Biological Control)

EUROPE (Pictures)

Europe Wildflowers

European corn borer (control by augmentation)

European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (short-term crops)

European Cornborer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)

European Earwig, Forficula auricularia L.

European Fruit Lecanium, Lecanium corni (Bouche)

European Pine Shoot Moth (forestry)

European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermüller)

European Red Mite (natural enemy exploration)

European Spruce Sawfly (forestry)

European Spruce Sawfly, Gilpinia hercyniae (Hartig)

European Wood Wasp (forestry)

European Wood Wasp, Sirex noctilio F.

Eurytomidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Euseius concordis

Eutrichosomatinae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

EVALUATION

Evaluation of Colonization Attempts

Evaluation of Natural Enemies

Evaluation of Natural Enemy Impact

Evaniidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Evanioidea <Overview>

Evolution (poly & monophagy)

Examples of Stability

Exclusion

Exclusion / Inclusion of Natural Enemies

Exit from the Host

Exophilic Flies (in Medical Entomology)

Exoskeleton

Expansion of Biological Control into New Study Areas

Experimental Designs

Experimental Designs For Life Tables

EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

Experimental Techniques (Introduction)

Experimental Techniques to Evaluate Natural Enemies

Explorations (maximizing success potential)

Explorations (problems)

Explorations (reducing risks)

Explorations (targets and procedure)

Explorations For Aquatic Vertebrates & Invertebrates

EXPLORATIONS FOR NATURAL ENEMIES

Explorations For New Natural Enemies (introduction)

Explorations For New Natural Enemies (planning & preparation)

Explorations For New Natural Enemies (purpose & need)

Explorations For Parasitic & Predaceous Arthropods

Explorations For Phytopathogens

Explorations For Phytophagous Arthropods

Explorations For Terrestrial Scavengers

Explorations For Terrestrial Vertebrates

Exposure to Pesticides in Beneficials

Extrachromosomal Phenomena & Progeny Number

Extranuclear Events Influencing Behavior & Fecundity

Extranuclear Influences on Behavior

Extranuclear Inheritance and Polygenes in Arrhenotoky

Eye gnats

 

<F words>

Fabritius, Klaus

Factitious hosts (culture)

Factors Affecting Research in Biological Control

Facultative Hyperparasitoids

Facultative Sex Regulation

Facultative Sex Regulation (history)

Fat cells (parasitoids)

Fatty Oils & Waxes

Federici, Brian A.

Feeding Tube

Fell, Barry

Femaleness

Fertilizer & Management

Fibers & Fiber Plants

Fideliidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Figites spp.

Figitidae (Parasitoids of Diptera)

Figitidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>

Fiji (Pictures)

Finney, Glenn L.

Firebrats

Fish  (Biocontrol of Medically Important Pests)

Fisher, Theodore W.

Fishflies

Fitch, Asa

Fitness

Fitness (improving)

Fitness of Natural Enemies

Flanders, Stanley E.

Flatworms (Turbellarian)

Fleas

Fleschner, Charles A.

Flies in Accumulated Wastes, Musca domestica L., Stomoxys spp., etc.

Flies in Field Dung, Musca autumnalis, Musca vetustissima, Haematobia spp.

Florida (Pictures)

Florida red scale (ideal biocontrol candidate)

Florida Red Scale, Chrysomphalus ficus Ashmead [= C. aonidum (L.)]

Flower Diseases (Antagonists)

Fluted Scales (Misc.), Icerya spp.

Fly Parasitoides (Keys)

Food of Parasitoids

Food Utilization by Natural Enemies

Foothill Agricultural Research Insectary

Forage (For Animals)

Forage Crops

Force of Natural Control

Force, Donald C.

Foreign Collaborators

FOREIGN EXPLORATION

Foreign Exploration (introduction)

Foreign Exploration (planning & preparation)

Foreign Exploration (purpose & need)

Forest Biological Control (detailed examples)