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EYE GNATS (Hippelates spp.) & BITING GNATS

(Leptoconops spp.) & THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES

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17. Bay, E. C. & E. F. Legner. 1963. Quality control in the production of Hippelates collusor (Tsnd.) for use in the search and rearing of

their natural enemies. Proc. New Jersey Mosquito Exterm. Comm. 1963. 403-410.

20. Bay, E. C. & E. F. Legner. 1963. The prospect for the biological control of Hippelates collusor (Townsend) in southern California.

Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 31: 76-79.

21. Bay, E. C., E. F. Legner & R. Medved. 1964. Hippelates collusor (Diptera: Chloropidae) as a host for four species of parasitic

Hymenoptera in southern California. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 57(5): 582-584.

25. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1964. Natural exposure of Hippelates eye gnats to field parasitization and the discovery of one pupal and

two larval parasites. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 57(6): 767-769.

26. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1964. La primera exploración para buscar enemigos naturales de Hippelates en Puerto Rico (Insecta:

Chloropidae). Carib. J. Sci. 4(4): 467-471.

30. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1965. Predatory and parasitic agents attacking the Hippelates pusio complex in Puerto Rico. J. Agric. Univ.

Puerto Rico 49(3): 377-385.

31. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1965. Ooencyrtus submetallicus Howard in an extraordinary host-relationship with Hippelates pusio Loew.

Canad. Entomol. 97(5): 556-557.

32. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1965. Culture of Hippelates pusio (Diptera: Chloropidae) in the West Indies for natural enemy exploration

and some notes on behavior and distribution. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 58(4): 436-440.

34. Legner, E. F. 1966. Competition among larvae of Hippelates collusor (Diptera: Chloropidae) as a natural control factor. J. Econ

. Entomol. 59(6): 1315-1321.

39. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & T. H. Farr. Parasitic and predacious agents affecting the Hippelates pusio complex in Jamaica and Trinidad.

Canad. Entomol. 98(1): 28-33.

41. Legner, E. F., G. S. Olton & F. M. Eskafi. 1966. Influence of physical factors on the developmental stages of Hippelates collusor in

relation to the activities of its natural parasites. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59(4): 851-861.

42. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & R. A. Medved. 1966. Behavior of three native pupal parasites of Hippelates collusor in controlled systems.

Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59(5): 977-984.

45. Legner, E. F. 1967. Two exotic strains of Spalangia drosophilae merit consideration in biological control of Hippelates collusor

(Diptera: Chloropidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(2): 458-462.

51. Legner, E. F. 1968. Parasite activity related to ovipositional responses in Hippelates collusor. J. Econ. Entomol. 61(5): 1160-1163.

57. Legner, E. F. 1969. Adult emergence interval and reproduction in parasitic Hymenoptera influenced by host size and density. Ann.

Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62(1): 220-226.

59. Legner, E. F. 1969. Distribution pattern of hosts and parasitization by Spalangia drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad.

Entomol. 101(5): 551-557.

60. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1969. Migrations of Hippelates collusor larvae from moisture and trophic stimuli and their encounter by

Trybliographa parasites. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62(1): 136-141.

63. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1970. The introduction of natural enemies in California for the biological control of noxious flies and gnats.

Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 37: 126-129.

64. Legner, E. F. 1970. Attraction of Hippelates eye gnats and other minute Diptera to baits and man with considerations on competitive

displacement by exotic non-problem species. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 37: 119-126.

65. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1970. Dynamics of Hippelates eye gnat breeding in the Southwest. Calif. Agric. 24(5): 1, 4-6.

67. Legner, E. F. 1970. Advances in the ecology of Hippelates eye gnats in California indicate means for effective integrated control.

Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 38: 89-90.

71. Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren & J. T. Wiles. 1970. Effects of low biuret urea on natural populations of Hippelates collusor (Townsend)

and Leptoconops kerteszi (Kieffer). J. Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 30(4): 634-640.

73. Legner, E. F. 1971. A substrate for positioning minute insect specimens in stereoscopic microscopy. J. Econ. Entomol. 64(1): 343.

75. Legner, E. F., L. Moore & R. A. Medved. 1971. Observations on predation of Hippelates collusor and distribution in southern

California of associated fauna. J. Econ. Entomol. 64(2): 461-468.

112. Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren & I. M. Hall. 1974. The biological control of medically important arthropods. Critical Reviews in

Environmental Control 4(1): 85-113.

114. Eskafi, F. M. & E. F. Legner. 1974. Parthenogenetic reproduction in Hexacola sp. near websteri, a parasite of Hippelates eye gnats.

Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 67(5): 767-768.

117. Eskafi, F. M. & E. F. Legner. 1974. Fecundity, development and diapause in Hexacola sp. near websteri, a parasite of Hippelates eye

gnats. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 67(5): 769-771.

128. Eskafi, F. M. & E. F. Legner. 1974. Descriptions of immature stages of the cynipid Hexacola sp. near websteri (Eucoilinae:

Hymenoptera), a larval pupal parasite of Hippelates eye gnats (Diptera: Chloropidae). Canad. Entomol. 106(10): 1043-1048.

82. Legner, E. F. 1971. Observations on the distribution, relative abundance, and behavior of anthropophilic Chloropidae in the Caribbean

area. Carib. J. Sci. 11(3-4): 163-169.

153.. Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren, G. S. Olton & L. Moore. 1976. Control of biting and annoying gnats with fertilizer. Calif. Agric. 30(2): 14-

17.

164. Bay, E. C., C. O. Berg, H. C. Chapman & E. F. Legner. 1976. Biological control of medical and veterinary pests. In: "Theory and

Practice of Biological Control," p. 457-79. C. B. Huffaker (ed.). Academic Press, Inc., New York, London.

176. Legner, E. F. 1978. Part I: Parasites and predators introduced against arthropod pests. Diptera. In: Introduced Parasites and

Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: a World Review (C. P. Clausen, ed.), pp. 335-39; 346-55. Agric. Handbk. No. 480, ARS,

USDA, U. S. Govt. Printing Off., Wash., D. C. 545 pp

192. Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren & L. L. Luna. 1980. Arthropod fauna cohabiting arval breeding sites of Leptoconops foulki

Clastrier & Wirth in the Santa Ana River, California. J. Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 40(1): 46-54.