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189.  Derived from:  Legner, E. F.  1979.  The relationship between host destruction and parasite reproductive potential in Muscidifurax raptor, M. zaraptor, and Spalangia endius [Chalcidoidea:  Pteromalidae].  Entomophaga 24(2):  145-152.

 

{NOTE:  All Muscidifurax females regularly superparasitize their hosts (i.e., deposit more than one egg on a host pupa).  However, in gregarious sibling species development results in the survival of more than one individual to the adult stage.  In solitary species only a single individual survives to the adult stage.}

 

Summary

 

 

            Title Page                                                                  Refefences #1   #2

 

Page 145     Page 146     Page 147     Page 148     Page 149

 

Page 150     Page 151     Page 152

 

Figure 1-a     Figure 1-b     Figure 1-c    Figure 2

 

 

            [ Please refer also to Related Research #1,  #2 ] ]