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<FLY-PAR.A> Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard. 1974a.
Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with poultry manure. Environ. Ent. 3(5): 884-86. Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard. 1974b.
Responses and competition of the parasitoids Spalangia endius
and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae) at different densities of house fly pupae. Canad. Ent. 106: 825-30. Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard. 1976a.
Seasonal abundance and activity of indigenous hymenopterous
parasitoids attacking the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Canad. Ent. 108: 841-44. Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard. 1976b.
Influence of temperature on oviposition by the parasites Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax
raptor. Environ. Ent. 5: 511-13. Ables, J. R., R. P. West & M.
Shepard. 1975. Response of the house fly and its
parasitoids to Dimilin (TH-6040). J.
Econ. Ent. 68: 622-24. Ables, J. R., M. Shepard & J. R.
Holman. 1976. Development of the parasitoids Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax
raptor in relation to
constant and variable temperatures:
simulation and validation.
Environ. Ent. 5: 329-32. Abraham, R. 1975. Über die wirkung
der temperature auf die Flugaktivität parasitischer Hymenopteren. Z. angew. Ent. 79: 113-23. Abraham, R. 1978a. On the flight
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and relative humidity. Zool. Jahrb.
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Parasitierung von Phormia regina (Dipt.) durch Nasonia vitripennis (Hym., Pteromalidae) in Abhängigkeit von
Temperatur und relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit im Freiland. Mitt. dt. Ges. allg. angew. Ent., Giessen
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Der Einfluss der Temperatur auf die Anstichaktivität bei Nasonia vitripennis und Spalangia
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<FLY-PAR.B> Bai, G. M. & T. Sankaran. 1977.
Parasites, predators and other arthropods associated with Musca domestica and other flies breeding in bovine manure. Entomophaga 22: 163-67. Bailey, N. S. 1947. Trichopria tabanivora Fouts in Massachusetts (Hymenoptera,
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superior parasitoids of Diptera using a novel extranuclear inheritance
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male genome. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.
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heterotic behavior in parasitic Hymenoptera.
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principal parasitoids of synanthropic Diptera: the genus Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Hilgardia 56(4): 1-36. Legner, E. F. 1988d. Studies of four
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expressions of polygenes in Muscidifurax
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gene number, heritability and dominance in quantitative inheritance, with
special reference to Hymenoptera.
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Natural exposure of Hippelates
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Ooencyrtus submetallicus Howard in an
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Predatory and parasitic agents attacking the Hippelates pusio
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Culture of Hippelates
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in the West Indies for natural enemy exploration and some notes on behavior
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The introduction of natural enemies in California for the biological
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Dynamics of Hippelates
eye gnat breeding in the Southwest.
Calif. Agr. 24(5): 1, 4-6. Legner, E. F. & W. R. Bowen. 1973.
Influence of available poultry manure breeding habitat on emergence
density of synanthropic flies (Diptera).
Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 66(3):
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Suppression of dung-inhabiting fly populations by pupal
parasites. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.
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Dietrick. 1972. Inundation and parasitic insects to
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Dietrick. 1974. Effectiveness of supervised control
practices in lowering population densities of synanthropic flies on poultry
ranches. Entomophaga 19(4): 467-478. Legner, E. F. & D. Gerling. 1967.
Host-feeding and oviposition on Musca
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Greathead. 1969. Parasitism of pupae in East African
populations of Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans. Ann.
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The housefly Musca domestica Linnaeus, as an
exotic species in the Western Hemisphere incites biological control
studies. Canad. Ent. 98: 243-48. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1968a.
The biological method and integrated control of house and stable flies
in California. Calif. Agr.
22(6): 1-4. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1968b.
Activity of parasites from Diptera:
Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans,
and species of Fannia, Muscina, and Ophyra II. at sites in the
Eastern Hemisphere and Pacific area.
Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 61:
1306-14. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1969.
Migrations of Hippelates
collusor larvae from
moisture and trophic stimuli and their encounter by Trybliographa parasites.
Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62(1):
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Distribution and relative abundance of dipterous pupae and their parasitoids
in accumulations of domestic animal manure in the southwestern United
States. Hilgardia 40(14): 505-35. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1975.
Filth fly sources in decaying melon fields in southern California's
low deserts. Calif. Agr. 29(1): 10-11. Legner, E. F. & J. H. Poorbaugh,
Jr. 1972. Biological control of vector and noxious synanthropic flies: a
review. Calif. St. Dept. Publ. Hlth.
Vector Views 19(11): 81-100. Legner, E. F. & R. W.
Warkentin. 1985. Genetic improvement and inbreeding effects
in culture of beneficial arthropods.
Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vect. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 52: 156-161. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & C. W.
McCoy. 1965. Parasitic natural regulatory agents
attacking Musca domestica L. in Puerto
Rico. J. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico
49(3): 368-76. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & T. H.
Farr. 1966a. Parasitic and predacious agents affecting the Hippelates pusio complex in Jamaica and Trinidad. Canad. Entomol. 98(1): 28-33. Legner, E. F., G. S. Olton & F. M.
Eskafi. 1966b. Influence of physical factors on the
developmental stages of Hippelates
collusor in relation to the
activities of its natural parasites.
Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59(4):
851-861. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & R. A.
Medved. 1966c. Behavior of three native pupal parasites
of Hippelates collusor in controlled
systems. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer.
59(5): 977-984. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay, H. W. Brydon
& C. W. McCoy. 1966d. Research with parasites for biological
control of house flies in southern California. Calif. Agr. 20(4):
10-12. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & E. B.
White. 1967. Activity of parasites from Diptera: Musca
domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Fannia
canicularis, and F. femoralis at sites in the Western Hemisphere. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 60: 462-68. Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren & I.
M. Hall. 1974a. The biological control of medically
important arthropods. Crit. Rev.
Environ. Contr. 4(1): 85-113. Legner, E. F., B. B. Sugerman, H.-S. Yu
and H. Lum. 1974b. Biological and integrated control of the
bush fly, Musca sorbens Wiedemann and other
filth breeding Diptera in Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 1: 1-14. Legner, E. F., W. R. Bowen, W. F.
Rooney, W. D. McKeen & G. W. Johnston.
1975. Integrated fly control
on poultry ranches. Calif. Agr.
29(5): 8-10. Legner, E. F., I. Moore & G. S.
Olton. 1976. Tabular keys and biological notes to
common parasitoids of synanthropic Diptera breeding in accumulated animal
wastes. Ent. News 87(3 & 4): 113-44. Legner, E. F., E. J. Dietrick & D.
J. Blehm. 1982. New parasitic insects for biological
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to control filth flies in poultry houses.
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