FILE: <pooled.w.htm> GENERAL INDEX [Navigate to MAIN MENU ]

Several minutes may be required to download this file

Biological Pest Control

W—References

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Please CLICK on SECOND LETTER of Author’s last name:

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

[For Subject Matter, depress Ctrl/F] Additional references may be found at: MELVYL Library

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

<WA.REF>

Waage, J.K. 1978. Arrestment responses of the parasitoid, Nemeritis canescens, to a contact chemical produced by its host, Plodia interpunctella. Physiological Entomol., 3: 135-146.

Waage, J. K. 1979. Foraging in patchily-distributed hosts by the parasitoid, Nemeritis canescens. J. Anim. Ecol. 48: 353-71.

Waage, J. K. 1982. Sex ratio and population dynamics of natural enemies-- some possible interactions. Ann. Appl. Biol. 101: 159-67.

Waage, J. K. 1983. Aggregation in field parasitoid populations: Foraging time allocation by a population of Diadegma (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Ecol. Ent. 8: 447-53.

Waage,J.K. 1986. Family planning in parasitoids: Adaptive patterns of progeny and sex allocation, pp. 63-95. InWaage, J. and D. Greathead, (eds.). Insect Parasitoids. Academic Press, London.

Waage, J. K. 1989. The population ecology of pest-pesticide-natural enemy interactions, pp. 81-93. In:Jepson, P.C., (ed.). Pesticides and Non-Target Invertebrates. Intercept, Wimborne, Dorset, U.K.

Waage, J. K. 1990a. The population ecology of pest-pesticide-natural enemy interactions. In: P. C. Jepson (ed.), Pesticides and Non-Target Invertebrates. Intercept, Ltd., U.K. (in press).

Waage,J.K. 1990b. Ecological theory and the selection of biological control agents, pp. 135-157. In:Mackauer, M. and L.E. Ehler, (eds.). Critical Issues in Biological Control. Intercept, Andover, U.K.

Waage, J. & D. J. Greathead (eds.). 1986. Insect parasitoids. Academic Press, London. 389 p.

Waage, J. & D. Greathead (eds.). 1987. Insect Parasitoids. Academic Press. 390 p.

Waage, J. K. & D. J. Greathead. 1987. Biological control challenges and opportunities, delivered to the discussion meeting, biological control of pests, pathogens and weeds: development and prospects, Feb. 18-19, 1987. The Roy. Soc., London.

Waage, J. K. and D. J. Greathead. 1988. Biological control: Challenges and opportunities. Philosophical Trans. of the Royal Soc. of London, Series B, 318: 111-128.

Waage, J. K. & M. P. Hassell. 1982. Parasitoids as biological control agents-- a fundamental approach. Parasitol. 84: 241-68.

Waage, J. K. and J. A. Lane. 1984. The reproductive strategy of a parasitic wasp. 11. Sex allocation and local mate competition in Trichogramma evanescens. journal Animal Ecology, 53: 417-426.

Waage, J. K. and N. J. Mills. 1992. Biological control, pp. 412-430. In:Crawley, M. J., (ed.). Natural Enemies & the Population Biology of Predators, Parasites and Diseases. Blackwell Scientific Public., Oxford, U.K.

Waage, J. K., J. T. Smiley & L. E. Gilbert. 1981. The Passiflora problem in Hawaii: prospects and problems of controlling the forest weed P. mollissima [Passifloraceae] with heliconiine butterflies. Entomophaga 26: 275-84.

Waage, J. K., K. P. Carl, N. J. Mills & D. J. Greathead. 1984. Rearing entomophagous insects. p. 45-66. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Waage, J. K., M. P. Hassell & H. C. J. Godfray. 1985a. The dynamics of pest-parasitoid-insecticide interactions. J. Appl. Ecol. 22: 825-38.

Waage, J. K., K. P. Carl, N. J. Mills & D. J. Greathead. 1985b. Rearing entomophagous insects, pp. 45-66. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. I. Elsevier, New York.

Wäckers, F. L. & J. C. van Lenteren. 1990. Alterntieven voor de chemisch bestrijding in de Nederlandse Akker- en Tuinbouw. Ministerie VROM, DG Milieubeheer, Den Haag: 59 pp.

Wäckers, F.L. and W. J. Lewis. 1994. Olfactory and visual learning and their combined influence on host site location by the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). Biological Control, 4: 105-112.

Wäckers, F. L., I. J. M. deGroot, L. P. J. J. Noldus & S. A. Hassan. 1987. Measuring host preference of Trichogramma egg parasites: An evaluation of direct and indirect methods. Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent. 52: 339-48.

Waddill, V. H. 1978. Sexual differences in foraging on corn of adult Labidura riparia [Derm.: Labiduridae]. Entomophaga 23: 339-42.

Waddill, V. & M. Shepard. 1974. Potential of Geocoris punctipes [Hemiptera: Lygaeidae] and Nabis spp. [Hemiptera: Nabidae] as predators of Epilachna varivestis [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae]. Entomophaga 19: 421-26.

Wade, J. S. & P. R. Meyers. 1921. Observations relative to recent recoveries of Pleurotropis epigonus Walker (Hym.). Wash. Ent. Soc. Proc. 23: 202-06.

Wade, M. J. & L. Stevens. 1985. Microorganism mediated reproductive isolation in flour beetles (Genus Tribolium). Science 227: 527-48.

Wadley, F. M. 1931. Ecology of Toxoptera graminum, especially as to factors affecting importance in the northern United States. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 24(2): 325-95.

Wadsworth, J. T. 1915. On the life-history of Aleochara bilineata Gyll., a staphylinid parasite of Chortophila brassicae Bouché. J. Econ. Biol. 10: 1-27.

Wagner, R. P. & R. K. Selander. 1974. Isozymes in insects and their significance. Annu. Rev. Ent. 19: 117-38.

Wagner, T. L. & D. E. Leonard. 1980. Mortality factors of satin moth, Leucoma salicis [Lep.: Lymantriidae] in aspen forests in Maine. Entomophaga 25: 7-16.

Wagoner, D. E. 1968. Theoretical application of meiotic-drive factors to insect-population control (abs.). Proc. No. Cent. Br. Ent. Soc. Amer. 23: 27.

Wagoner, D. E. & O. A. Johnson. 1974. Strains of house flies producing only males. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 67: 553-54.

Wagoner, D. E., C. A. Nickel & O. A. Johnson. 1969. Chromosomal translocation heterozygotes in the house fly. J. Heredity 60: 301-04.

Wahrheit, A. S. & E. F. Legner. 1999. Ethnic Diversity in America Before Columbus Suggests Prehistoric Old World Contacts. Pub. Information Ser. Internatl.. 184 figs.

Waite, B. H. & V. C. Dunlap. 1953. Preliminary host range studies with Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense. Plant Dis. Rep. 37: 79-80.

Wajnberg, E. 1989. Analysis of variations of handling-time in Trichogramma maidis. Entomophaga 34: 397-408.

Wajnberg, E. & J. Pizzol. 1989. The problem of superparasitism in the production of natural enemies for inundative biological: a genetical approach. In: "Parasites", R. Cavalloro & V. DeLucci (eds.). Proc. Scien. Congress, Barcelona, Spain 1988. p. 437-44.

Wajnberg, E., G. Prévost & M. Boulétreau. 1985. Genetic and epigenetic variation in Drosophila larvae suitability to a hymenopterous endoparasitoid. Entomophaga 30: 187-91.

Wajnberg, E., J. Pizzol & M. Babault. 1989. Genetic variation in progeny allocation in Trichogramma maidis. Ent. exp. appl. 53: 177-87.

Wakid, A. M. 1973. Effects of nitrogen during gamma irradiation of puparia and adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly on emergence, sterility, longevity and competitiveness. Environ. Ent. 2: 37-40.

Walcott, G. N. 1937. An animal census of two pastures and a meadow in northern New York. Ecol. Monogr. 7: 1-90.

Walde, S. J. & W. W. Murdoch. 1988. Spatial density dependence in parasitoids. Annu. Rev. Ent. 33: 441-66.

Waldbauer, G. P. 1964. The consumption, digestion and utilization of solanaceous and non-solanaceous plants by larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Protoparce sexta (Johan.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Ent. Expt. Appl. 7: 253-69.

Waldbauer, G. P. 1968. The consumption and utilization of foods by insects. Advan. Insect Physiol. 5: 229-88.

Waldbauer, G. P., R. W. Cohen & S. Friedman. 1984. Self selection of an optimal nutrient mix from defined diets by larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea Boddie. Physiol. Zool. 57: 590-97.

Walde, S. J. and W.W. Murdoch. 1988. Spatial density dependence in parasitoids. Annu. Rev. of Entomol., 33: 441-466.

Walgenbach, D. D. & D. M. Benjamin. 1963. Natural controlling factors affecting the pine tussock moth. Proc. Ent. Soc. Amer., North Cent. Br. 18: 15-16.

Walker, A. L., D. G. Bottrell & J. R. Cate, Jr. 1973. Hymenopterous parasites of biotype C greenbug in the High Plains of Texas. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 66: 173-76.

Walker, D. L., R. P. Hanson & A. S. Evans. 1958. Symposium on Latency and Masking in Viral and Rickettsial Infections. Burgess, Minneapolis. 202 p.

Walker, D. W. & V. Quintana. 1968. Inherited partial sterility among survivors from irradiation-eradication experiment. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 318-19.

Walker, G. P. & G. Gordh. 1989. The occurrence of apical labial sensilla in the Aleyrodidae and evidence for a contact chemosensory function. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 51: 215-224.

Walker, G. P., L. R. Nault & D. E. Simonet. 1984. Natural mortality factors acting on potato aphid 9Macrosiphum euphorbiae) populations in processing-tomato fields in Ohio. Environ. Ent. 13: 724-32.

Walker, G. P., N. Zareh, I. M. Bayoun & S. V. Triapitsyn. 1997. Introduction of western Asian egg parasitoids into California for biological control of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 73 (4): 236-242.

Walker, H.L. 1981. Fusatium lateritium: A pathogen of spurred anoda (Anoda cristata), prickly sida (Sida spinosa), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Science, 29: 629-631.

Walker, I. 1959. Die Abwehrreaktion des Wirtes Drosophila melanogaster gegen die zoophage Cynipide Pseudeucoila bochei. Weld Rev. Suisse Zool. 66: 569-632.

Walker, I. 1979. Some British species of fAnagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 181-202.

Walker, I. & D. Pimentel. 1966. Correlation between maternal longevity and incidence of diapause in Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Gerontologia 12: 89-98.

Walker, J. K., Jr. 1957. A biological study of Collops balteatus Lec. and Collops vittatus (Way). J. Econ. Ent. 50(4): 395-99.

Walker, J. M. & B. M. Doube. 1984. Susceptibility to drowning of eggs of the dung breeding flies Haematobia irritans exigua and Musca vetustissima (Dipt., Muscidae) in relation to dung beetle activity. Zeitschrift für angew. Ent. 98: 518-27.

Walker, J. R. & T. A. Brindley. 1963. Effect of X-ray exposure on the European corn borer. J. Econ. Ent. 56: 522-5.

Walker, J. T. S. 1985. The influence of temperature and natural enemies on population development of woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lagigerum (Hausmann). Ph.D. Thesis, Washington St. Univ. 133 p.

Walker, M. F. 1961. Some observations on the biology of the ladybird parasite, Perilitus coccinellae (Schrank) with special reference to host selection and recognition. Ent. Mon. Mag. 97: 240-4.

Walker, M. G. 1937. A mathematical analysis of superparasitism by Collyria calcitrator Grav. Parasitol. 29: 477-503.

Walker, M. G. 1940. Notes on the distribution of Cephus pygmaeus Linn. and its parasite, Collyria calcitrator Grav. Bull. Ent. Res. 30: 551-73.

Walker, M. G. 1943. Notes on the biology of Dexia rustica F. a dipterous parasite of Melolontha melolontha F. Proc. Zool. Soc. London A, 113: 126-76.

Walker, W. F. & J. A. Svoboda. 1973. Suppression of Mexican bean beetle development by foliar applications of azasterols and reversal by cholesterol. Ent. Exp. Appl. 16: 422-26.

Wall, I. 1963. Erster Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Verbreitung der mitteleuropäischen Proctotrupoidea. Beitr. Ent., Berlin 13: 902-11.

Wall, M. L. & W. H. Whitcomb. 1964. The effect of bird predators on winter survival of the southern and European corn borers in Arkansas. J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 37(3): 187-92.

Wallace, A. R. 1876. The Geographical Distribution of Animals with a Study of the Relations of Living and Extinct Faunas as Elucidating the Past Changes of the EArth's Surface. 2 vols. MacMillan & Co., London, vol. 1 = 503 p.; vol 2 = 607 p.

Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island Life: or, the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras, Including a Revision and Attempted Solution of the Problem of Geological Climates. MacMillan & Co., London. 526 p.

Wallace, F. G. 1956. Cultivation of Trypanosoma ranarum on a liquid medium. J. Protozool. 3: 47-9.

Wallace, G. E. 1942. Observations on the life history of a new chalcidoid wasp, an internal parasite of ant-lion larvae. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 29: 31-40.

Wallace, M. M. H. 1971. Lucerne flea. CSIRO Div. Ent. Ann. Rept. 1970-71. p. 53.

Wallace, M. M. H. 1954. The effect of DDT and BHC on the population of the lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola), and its control by predatory mites, Biscirus spp. (Bdellidac). Australian Journal of Agric. Research, 5: 148-155.

Wallace, M. M. H. 1981. Tackling the lucerne flea and red-legged earth mite. Journal of agriculture, Western Australia, 22: 72-74.

Wallace, M. M. H. & M. Tyndale-Biscoe. 1983. Attempts to measure the influence of dung beetles (Coleoptear, Scarabaeidae) on the field mortality of the bush fly Musca vetustissima Walker in south-eastern Australia. Bull. Ent. Res. 73: 33-44.

Wallace, M. M. H., M. Tyndale-Biscoe & E. Holm. 1979. The influence of Macrocheles glaber on the breeding of the Australian bush fly Musca vetustissima in cow dung. Recent Adv. Acarol. 2: 217-22, Academic Press, NY.

Wallin, H. 1985. Spatial and temporal distribution of some abundant carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in cereal fields and adjacent habitats. Pedobiologia 28: 19-34.

Wallin, I. E. 1927. Symbionticism and the Origin of Species. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. 171 p.

Wallis, D. I. 1962. The relation between hunger, activity and worker function in an ant colony. Proc. zool. Soc., London 139: 589-605.

Wallis, R. C. 1957. Incidence of polyhedrosis of gypsy-moth larvae and the influence of relative humidity. J. Econ. Ent. 50: 580-3.

Wallner, W. E., R. M. Weseloh & P. S. Grinberg. 1982. Intrinsic competition between Apanteles melanoscelus [Hym.: Braconidae] and Rogas lymantriae [Hym.: Braconidae] reared on Lymantria dispar [Lep.: Lymantriidae]. Entomophaga 27: 99-104.

Waloff, N. 1966. Scotch broom (Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer) and its insect fauna introduced into the Pacific Northwest of America. J. Appl. Ecol. 3: 293-11.

Walsh, B. D. 1864. On phytophagic varieties and phytophagic species. Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia 3: 403-30.

Walsh, B. D. 1864. On the phytophagic varieties of phytophagous species, with remarks on the unity of coloration in insects. Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia 5: 194-216.

Walsh, B. D. 1866a. Practical Entomologist, June 1866. p. 101.

Walsh, B. D. 1866b. Imported insects;--the gooseberry sawfly. Practical Entomologist 1: 117-25.

Walter, D.E. and DJ. O'Dowd. 1992. Leaf morphology and predators: effect of leaf domatia on the abundance of predatory niites (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Environ. Entomol., 21: 478-484.

Walter, D.E., H.W. Hunt, and E.T. Elliot. 1988. Guilds or functional groups? An analysis of predatory arthropods from a shortgrass steppe soil. Pedobiologia, 31: 247-260.

Walter, E. V. 1959. The sorghum midge with suggestions for control. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmer's Bull. 1566.

Walter, E. V. & D. W. La Hue. 1939. Notes on food for corn earworm adults. J. Econ. Ent. 32: 156.

Walter, G. H. 1983. Divergent male ontogenies in Aphelinidae: a simplified classification and a suggested evolutionary sequence. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 19: 63-82.

Walter, G.H. 1988. Heteronomous host relationships in aphelinids-Evolutionary pathways and adaptive significance (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Advances in Parasitic Hymenoptera Research, 1988: 313-326.

Walters, C. J. & R. M. Peterman. 1974. A systems approach to the dynamics of spruce budworm in New Brunswick. Questiones Entomologicae 10: 177-86.

Walters, H. S. 1962. The morphology and life cycle of certain microsporidian parasites found in mosquitoes. Diss., Pretoria, S. Afr.. 126 p.

Walters, L. L. 1976. Comparative effects of the desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius Baird & Girard, and the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis-affinis (Baird & Girard) on pond ecosystems; and mass rearing feasibility of C. macularius. M.S. Thesis, Univer. Calif., Riverside. 249 p.

Walters, L. L. & E. F. Legner. 1980. Impact of the desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius, and Gambusia affinis on fauna in pond ecosystems. Hilgardia 48(3): 1-18.

Walters, M. C. 1966. The yellow dung-fly Scatophaga stercoraria (L.) [Diptera: Cordyluridae] as a predator of the lucerne springtail, Sminthurus viridis (L.). S. Afr. J. Agr. Sci. 9: 739-40.

Walther, C. & W. Rathmayer. 1974. The effect of Habrobracon venom on excitatory neuromuscular transmission in insects. J. Comp. Physiol. 89: 23-38.

Walton, C. L. & H. G. H. Kearns. 1931. Carabid beetles as strawberry pests in the Cheddar District. J. Min. Agr. 38(4): 372-79.

Walton, W. R. 1914. A new tachinid parasite of Diabrotica vittata. Wash. Ent. Soc. Proc. 16: 11-14.

Walz, A. J. 1957. Observations on the biologies of some hymenopterous parasites of the cabbage seedpod weevil in northern Idaho. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 50: 219-20.

Wanas, M Q A; Thompson, S N; Allah, A T A. 1998. Effects of lead, mercury and cadmium on the extramolluscan larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon). J. of the Egyptian Soc. of Parasitology, v.28, n.2, (1998): 583-594.

Wang, C. M. 1964. Laboratory observations on the life history and habits of the face fly, Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 57: 563-69.

Wang, Ping Yuan. 1961. Studies on mass production of Telenomus dendrolimusi Chu and effectiveness of liberation. Acta Ent. Sin 10: 381-94. [in Chinese].

Wang, R. 1986. Current status and perspectives of biological weed control in China. Chinese J. Biol. Contr. 1: 173-77.

Wang, Y. C. & K. W. Lo. 1965. Studies on the physiological character of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis. I. Effect of supersonic wave, heat and glucose on spore germination and spore formation. Acta Microbiol. Sinica 11: 609-10. [in Chinese].

Wang, Y. H. & A. P. Gutierrez. 1980. An assessment of the use of stability analyses in population ecology. J. Anim. Ecol. 49: 435-52.

Wang, Y. H., A. P. Gutierrez, G. Oster & R. Daxl. 1977. A population model for plant growth and development: coupling cotton-herbivore interaction. Canad. Ent. 109: 1359-74.

Wangersky, P. J. & W. J. Cunningham. 1957. Time lag in prey-- predator population models. Ecology 38: 136-39.

Wanjala, F. M. E. 1978. Relative abundance and within canopy distribution of the parasites of the coffee leafminer, Leucoptera meyricki [Lep.: Lyonetiidae] in Kenya. Entomophaga 23: 57-62.

Wanjala, F. M. E. & B. M. Khaemba. 1987. The biology and behaviour of Iphiaulax varipalpis [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] as a parasite of Dirphya nigricornis [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae]. Entomophaga 32: 281-9.

Wannamaker, W. K. 1951. The effect of plant hariness of cotton strains on boll weevil attack. J. Econ. Ent. 50: 418-23.

Wannamaker, W. K., W. H. Wessling & S. G. Stephens. 1957. Boll weevil resistant cotton? North Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Farm 16(1): 14.

Wapshere, A. J. 1970. The assessment of biological control potential of the organisms attacking Chondrilla juncea L. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Trinidad, Misc. Publ. 1: 83-9.

Wapshere, A. J., (ed.). 1973. Proc. of the Third International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Montpellier, France, 1973. Commonw. Inst. of Biological Control Misc. Publication No. 8.

Wapshere, A. J. 1974a. A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control. Ann. Appl. Biol. 77: 201-11.

Wapshere, A. J. 1974b. Host specificity of phytophagous organisms and the evolutionary centers of plant genera and subgenera. Entomophaga 19: 301-09.

Wapsphere, A. J. 1974c. A comparison of strategies for screening biological control organisms for weeds. Misc. Publ. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. 6: 151-58.

Wapshere, A. J. 1974d. Towards a science of biological control of weeds, pp. 3-12. In:

Wapshere, A. J. 1975. A protocol for programmes for biological control of weeds. PANS 21: 295-303.

Wapshere, A. J. 1983. Discovery and testing of a climatically adapted strain of Longitarsus jacobaea [Col.: Chrysomelidae] for Australia. Entomophaga 28: 27-32.

Wapshere, A. J. 1984. REcent work in Europea on biological control of Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae) for Australia. Entomophaga 29: 145-56.

Wapshere, A. J. 1989. A testing sequence for reducing rejection of potential biological control agents for weeds. Ann. Appl. Biol. 114: 515-26.

Wapshere, A. J.. 1990. Biological control of grass weeds in Australia: an appraisal. Plant Protection Quarterly, 5(2): 62-75.

Wapshere, A J. 1992. Comparing methods of selecting effective biocontrol agents for weeds, pp. 557-560. In:Anon. Proc. of the First International Weed Control Congress. Melbourne, Australia.

Wapshere, A. J., E. S. Delfosse, and J.M . Cullen. 1989. Recent developments in biological control of weeds. Crop Protection, 8: 227-250.

Warcup, J. 1955. Studies on the occurrence and activity of fungi in a wheat-field soil. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 40: 237-59.

Ward, A. 1966. Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Psuedococcidae) in Hawke's Bay orchards. New Zealand J. Agr. Res. 9: 452-54.

Ward, G. L. 1965. Parasitism in a population of the bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis). Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 75: 148.

Ward, R. A., L. C. Rutledge & L. H. Bell. 1965. Effects of chemostgerilants on the development of malarial parasites in mosquitoes. Mosq. News 25: 470-6.

Ward, R. H. & R. L. Pienkowski. 1978. Biology of Cassida rubiginosa, a thistle-feeding shield beetle. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 71: 585-91.

Ward, R. H. & R. L. Pienkowski. 1978. Mortality and parasitism of Cassida rubiginosa, a thistle-feeding shield beetle accidentally introduced into North America. Environ. Ent. 7: 536-40.

Ward, R. H., R. L. Pienkowski & L. T. Kok. 1974. Host specificity of the first-instar Ceuthorhynchidius horridus, a weevil for the biocontrol of thistle. J. Econ. Ent. 67: 735-37.

Wardle, R. A. 1914. Preliminary observations upon the life-histories of Zenillia pexops R. & B. and Hypamblys albopictus Grav. J. Econ. Biol. 9: 85-104.

Wardle, A.R. and J.H. Borden. 1985. Age-dependent associative learning by Exeristes roborator (F.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Canad. Entom., 117: 605-616.

Wardle, A.R. and j.H. Borden. 1989. Learning of an olfactory stimulus associated with a host microhabitat by Exeristes roborator. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 52: 271-279.

Wardle, A.R. and J.H. Borden. 1990. Learning of host microhabitat form by Exeristes roborator (F.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 3: 251-263.

Wardlow, L. R. 1984. Monitoring the activity of tomato leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii Kalt.) and its parasites in commercial glasshouses in Southern England. Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent 49: 781-91.

Wardlow, L. R. 1985a. Leafminers and their parasites, pp. 61-65. In: N. W. Hussey & N. E. A. Scopes (eds.), Biological Pest Control - The Glasshouse Experience. Blandford, Poole, Dorset.

Wardlow, L. R. 1985b. Chrysanthemums, p. 180-85. In: N. W. Hussey & N. E. A. Scopes (eds.), Biological Pest Control - The Glasshouse Experience. Blandford, Poole, Dorset.

Wardlow, L. R. 1986. Adapting integrated pest control to work for ornamentals. Grower 6: 26-29.

Ware, G. W., W. P. Cahill, P. O. Gerhardt & J. M. Witt. 1970. Pesticide drift. IV. On-target deposits from aerial application of insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 63: 1982-83.

Warming, J. E. B. 1895. Plantesamfund. grundträk of den ökologiske plantegeografi. Copenhagen.

Warcup, J. 1955. Studies on the occurrence and activity of fungi in a wheat-field soil. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 40: 237-59.

Warner, L. A. & B. A. Croft. 1982. Toxicities of azinphosmethyl and selected orchard pesticides to an aphid predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza. J. Econ. Ent. 75: 410-15.

Warner, R. E. 1966. Taxonomy of the subspecies of Anthonomus grandis. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 59: 1073-88.

Warner, R. E. 1968. The role of introduced diseases in the extinction of the endemic Hawaiian avifauna. Condor 70(2): 101-20.

Warner, R. E. & C. E. Smith, Jr. 1968. Boll weevil found in pre-Columbian cotton from Mexico. Science 162: 911-12.

Warren, E. 1914. The prickly pear pest. Union of South Africa Agr. J. 7: 387-91.

Warren, F. W. III & D. R. King. 1959. The biotic effect of insecticides on populations of aphids and mites of pecans. J. Econ. Ent. 52: 163-5.

Warren, G. L. 1958. A method of rearing bark and cambium feeding beetles with particular reference to Hylobius warreni Wood. Canad. Ent. 90: 425-8.

Warren, G. L. 1970. Introduction of the masked shrew to improve control of forest insects in Newfoundland. Proc. Tall Timbers Conf. Ecol. Anim. Contr. Habitat Managem. 2: 185-202.

Warren, L. O. & M. Tadi…. 1967. The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, its distribution (North America, Europe, Japan and Korea) and natural enemies: A world list (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Kans. Ent. Soc. J. 40: 194-202.

Warren, L. O. & M. Tadic. 1967. Biological observations on Coleomegilla maculata and its role as a predator of the fall webworm. J. Econ. Ent. 60: 1492-96.

Warren, L. O. & M. Tadi…. 1970. The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury). Arkansas Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 759. 106 p.

Warren, R. & V. Freed. 1958. Tansy ragwort... a poisonous weed. Oreg. Agr. Col. Ext. Bull. 717: 3-5.

Wasbauer, M. S. & J. A. Powel. 1962. Host records for some North American spider wasps, with notes on prey selection (Hymenoptera; Pompilidae). J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 35: 393-401.

Washburn, J. O. & J. R. Anderson. 1986. Distribution of Lambornella clarki (Ciliophora: Tetrahymenidae) and other mosquito parasites in California treeholes. J. Invert. Pathol. 48: 296-309.

Washburn, J. A., R. L. Tassan, K. Grace, E. Bellis, ... 1983. Effects of malathion sprays on the ice play insect system. Calif. Agr. 37(1-2): 30-32.

Washino, R. K. 1969a. Predator prey studies in relation to an integrated mosquito control program. A progress report. Proc. Pap. 36th Ann. Conf. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 36: 33-4.

Washino, R. K. 1969b. Progress in biological control of mosquitoes-- invertebrate and vertebrate predators. Proc. Pap. 37th Ann. Conf. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 37: 16-19.

Washino, R. K. 1981. Biocontrol of mosquitoes associated with California rice fields with special reference to the recycling of Lagenidium giganteum Couch and other microbial agents, p. 122-39. In: M. Laird (ed.), Biocontrol of Medical and Veterinary Pests. Praeger Publ., New York. 135 p.

Washino, R. K. & Y. Hokama. 1967. Preliminary report on the feeding pattern of two species of fish in a rice field habitat. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 35: 84-7.

Wasmann, E. 1918. Zur Lebensweise und Fortpflanzung von Pseudacteon formicarium Verr. Biol. Zentbl. 38: 317-28.

Wasser, H. B. 1952. Demonstration of a new insect virus not associated with inclusion bodies. J. Bact. 64: 787-92.

Wassermann, S. S. & D. J. Futuyma. 1981. Evolution of host plant utilization in laboratory populations of the southern cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Evolution 35: 605-17.

Watanabe, C. 1958. Review of biological control of insect pests in Japan. 10th Internatl. Cong. Ent. Proc. (1956), 4: 515-17.

Watanabe, C. 1967. Notes on Braconidae caught in a sweep-net at paddy fields. Part I [Hymenoptera]. Mushi, Fukuoka 40: 189-98.

Watanabe, C. & H. Takada. 1967. Aphidiid parasites of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in Japan. [Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae]. Mushi, Fukuoka 40: 83-7. [in Japanese].

Watanabe, H. 1964. Temperature effects on the manifestation of susceptibility to peroral infection with cytoplasmic polyhedrosis in the silkworm, bombyx mori L. J. Sericult. Sci. Japan 33: 286-92.

Watanabe, H. 1966a. Probit analysis for determining the resistance of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., to the infection by cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus. J. Sericult. Sci. Japan 35: 289-95. [in Japanese].

Watanabe, H. 1966b. Some aspects on the mechanism of resistance to peroral infection by cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. J. Sericult. Sci. Japan 35: 411-17. [in Japanese].

Watanabe, H. 1966c. Relative virulence of polyhedrosis viruses and host-resistance in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. [Lepidoptera: Bombycidae]. Appl. Ent. Zool. Tokyo 1: 139-44.

Watanabe, H. 1966d. Localization of ribonucleic acid synthesis in the midgut cells infected with cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. [Lepidoptera: Bombycidae]. Appl. Ent. Zool. Tokyo 1: 154-5.

Watanabe, H. 1967. Development of resistance in the silkworm to peroral infection of the cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus, p. 7-8. Abstr. Pap. U.S-Japan Seminar, "Microbial Control of Insect Pests," Fukuoka, 1967. U.S.-Japan Commit. Sci. Coop. Panel 8, Res. Pesticides.

Watanabe, H. & J. Fukami. 1977. Stimulating action of chlordimeform and desmethyl chlordimeform on motor discharge of armyworm, Leucania separata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Pest. Sci. 2: 297-301.

Watanabe, M. 1963. Susceptibility of several lepidopterous larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner. Ann. Rep. Sankyo Res. Lab. 15: 156-9. [in Japanese].

Watanabe, T. 1967. Chemistry of the toxic crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis, p. 27-8. Abstr. Pap. U.S-Japan Seminar, "Microbial Control of Insect Pests," Fukuoka, 1967. U.S.-Japan Commit. Sci. Coop. Panel 8, Res. Pesticides.

Watanabe, T., R. Tsutsui & H. Iwahana. 1966. Toxic crystal produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var. sotto. I. Separation and properties of crude toxin; II. Sedimentation, diffusion, electrophoresis and fractionation by column chromatography of crude toxin. J. Sericult. Sci. Japan 35: 418-22; 423-26. [in Japanese].

Watanabe, T., H. Iwahana, H. Ogi & R. Tsutsui. 1967a. Toxic crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis T 84 A 1. I. Separation and properties of crude toxin. J. Sericult. Sci. Japan 36: 11-15. [in Japanese].

Watanabe, T., H. Iwahana, H. Ogi & R. Tsutsui. 1967b. Toxic crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis T 84 A 1. II. Action of gut juice of silkworm larvae for toxic crystals. J. Sericult. Sci. Japan 36: 16-22. [in Japanese].

Watashi, K. 1966. Hymenopterous parasites of scolytid beetles of pine trees (preliminary report). Hirakura 10(11): 91-3. [in Japanese].

Waterhouse, D. F. 1965a. Setting the scene: pest control past and present. Austral. J. Sci. 28: 218-20.

Waterhouse, D. F. 1965b. The use of sterile insects for their own destruction. Austr. J. Sci. 28: 235-7.

Waterhouse, D. F. 1966. The entomological control of weeds in Australia. Mushi 39 (sup.): 109-18.

Waterhouse, D. F. 1967. The entomological control of weeds in Australia. Mushi 39 (Suppl.): 109-18.

Waterhouse, D. F. 1974. The biological control of dung. Scien. Amer. 230: 100-109.

Waterhouse, D. F. (ed.). 1970. The Insects of Australia. Melbourne Univ. Press, Melbourne, Australia. 1029 p.

Waterhouse, D. F. 1998. Biological control of insect pests : Southeast Asian prospects / D.F.

Waterhouse. Canberra : Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 1998. Series title: ACIAR monograph series ; no. 51.

Waterhouse, D. F. & P. Ferrar (eds.). 1997. Workshop on Biological Control in the Pacific (2nd 1995 : Nadi, Fiji) Second Workshop on Biological Control in the Pacific : (Nadi, Fiji, 9-13October 1995) : report /. Noumea, New Caledonia : South Pacific Commission, 1997.

Waterhouse, D.F. and K.R. Norris. 1987. Biological Control, Pacific Prospects. Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.

Waterhouse, D. F. & F. Wilson. 1968. Biological control of pests and weeds. Sci. J. (Australia) 4(12): 31-7.

Waterhouse, D. F., L. E. LaChance & M. J. Whitten. 1976. Use of autocidal methods, p. 637-59. In: C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press, Inc., New York, San Francisco & London. 788 p.

Waterhouse, G.M. 1973. Entomophthorales, pp. 219-229. In:Ainsworth, G.C., F.K. Sparrow, and A.S. Sussman, (eds.). The Fungi.- An Advanced Treatise, Vol. 4b. Academic Press, New York.

Waters, H. 1937. Methods and equipment for laboratory studies of insects. J. Econ. Ent. 30: 179-203.

Waters, W. E., A. T. Drooz, & H. Pschorn-Walcher. 1976. Biological control of pests of broad-leaved forests and woodlands, p. 313-36. In: C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press, New York. 788 p.

Waterston, J. 1916. On the occurrence of Stenomalus muscarum Linn. in company with hibernating flies. Scottish Nat. 54: 140-42.

Waterston, J. M. 1937. Report of the plant pathologist, 1936. 1st October to 31 December. Bermuda Dept. Agr. Rept. 1936: 22-7.

Waterston, J. M. 1946. Report of the plant pathologist (Bermuda) for the year 1945. Bermuda Dept. Agr., 12 pp. (Abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A), 36: 48).

Waterston, J. M. 1947. Report of the plant pathologist (Bermuda) for the year 1946. hamilton Dept. Agr., 18 p. (Abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A), 37: 37).

Watkinson, J. 1994. Global view of present and future markets for Bt products, pp. 3-7.

Watson, A.K. 1991. The classical approachwith plant pathogens, pp. 3-23. InTeBeest, D.O., (ed.). Microbial Control of Weeds. Chapman and Hall, New York.

Watson, A. K. & W. E. Sackston. 1985. Plant pathogen containment (quarantine) facility at MacDonald College. Canad. J. Plant Path. 7: 177-180.

Watson, D W; Mullens, B A; Petersen, J J. 1993a. Behavioral Fever Response of Musca-Domestica Diptera Muscidae To Infection by Entomophthora-Muscae Zygomycetes Entomophthorales. J. of Invertebrate Pathol., v.61, n.1, (1993): 10-16.

Watson, D W; Martin, P A W; Schmidtmann, E T. 1993b. Egg Yolk and Bacteria Growth Medium for Musca-Domestica Diptera Muscidae. J. of Medical Entomol., v.30, n.4, (1993): 820-823.

Watson, D W; Geden, C J; Long, S J; Rutz, D A. 1995a. Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana for controlling the house fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Biological Control, v.5, n.3, (1995): 405-411.

Watson, D W; Schmidtmann, E T; Martin, P A W. 1995b. Association of Bacillus thuringiensis and other spore-forming bacteria with calf-hutch bedding. Environ. Entomol., v.24, n.1, (1995): 99-104.

Watson, D W; Rutz, D A; Long, S J. 1996. Beauveria bassiana and sawdust bedding for the management of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in calf hutches.Biological Control, v.7, n.2, (1996): 221-227.

Watson, J. R. 1914. Report of the entomologist. Rept. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. 1913.

Watson, J. R. 1915a. The woolly whitefly (Aleurothrixus howardi) in Florida citrus plantations. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 126: 81-102.

Watson, J. R. 1915b. Report of entomologist. Florida Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept. for fiscal year ending June 30, 1914. p. 46-56.

Watson, J. R. 1932. Report of the Department of Entomology. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rept. 1930-1931: 70-80.

Watson, J. R. & W. L. Thompson. 1933. Food habits of Leis conformis Boisd. (Chinese ladybeetle). Florida Ent. 17: 27-9.

Watson, T. F. 1964. Influence of host plant condition on population increase of Tetranychus telarius (Linnaeus) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Hilgardia 35: 273-322.

Watson, T. F. & W. E. Larsen. 1968. Effects of winter cultural practices on the pink bollworm in Arizona. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 1041-44.

Watson, T. F., K. K. Barnes, J. E. Slosser & D. G. Fullerton. 1974. Influence of plowdown dates and cultural practices on spring moth emergence of the pink bollworm. J. Econ. Ent. 67: 207-10.

Watson, T. K. & W. H. A. Wilde. 1963. Laboratory and field observations on two predators of pear psylla in British Columbia. Canad. Ent. 95: 435-38.

Watson, W. Y. & A. P. Arthur. 1959. Parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Ontario. Canad. Ent. 91: 478-84.

Watt, K. E. F. 1955. Studies on population productivity. I. Three approaches to the optimum yield problem in populations of Tribolium confusum. Ecol. Monog. 25: 269-90.

Watt, K. E. F. 1959. A mathematical model for the effect of densities of attacked and attacking species on the number attacked. Canad. Ent. 91: 129-44.

Watt, K. E. F. 1961. Mathematical models for use in insect pest control. Canad. Ent. Suppl. 19, 93. 62 p.

Watt, K. E. F. 1962. Use of methematics in population ecology. Annu. Rev. Ent. 7: 243-60.

Watt, K. E. F. 1963. Mathematical population models for five agricultural crop pests. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canad. 32: 83-91.

Watt, K. E. F. 1965. Community stability and the strategy of biological control. Canad. Ent. 97: 887-95.

Watt, K. E. F. (ed.). 1966a. Systems Analysis in Ecology. Academic Press, New York & London.

Watt, K. E. F. 1966b. The nature of systems analysis, p. 1-14. In: K. E. F. Watt (ed.), Systems Analysis in Ecology. Academic Press, New York. 276 p.

Watt, K. E. F. 1968. Ecology and Resource Management-- A Quantitative Approach. McGraw-Hill, New York. 450 p.

Watt, K. E. F. 1969. Methods of developing large-scale systems models. Proc. Forest Insect Population Dynamics Workshop, New Haven, Conn. (Jan. 23-27, 1967). U. S. Dept. Agr. For. Serv. Res. Paper NE-125. p. 35-51.

Watt, K. E. F. 1970. The systems point of view in pest management, p. 71-9. In: R. L. Rabb & F. E. Guthrie (eds.), Concepts of Pest Management. North Carolina St. Univ., Raleigh.

Watt, K. E. F. 1973a. The Principles of Environmental Science. McGraw-Hill, New York. 319 p.

Watt, K. E. F. 1973b. The goals and means of resource management, p. 45-51. In: P. W. Geier, L. R. Clark, D. J. Anderson & H. A. Nix (eds.), Insects: Studies in Population Management. Ecol. Soc. Australia (Mem. 1), Canberra.

Way, M. J. 1953. The relationship between certain ant species with particular reference to biological control of the coreid, Theraptus sp.. Bull. Ent. Res. 44: 669-91.

Way, M. J. 1954. Studies on the association of the ant Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.) (Formicidae) with the scale insect Saissetia zanzibarensis Williams (Coccidae). Bull. Ent. Res. 45: 113-34.

Way, M. J. 1958. The influence of other ant species on biologcial control of Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.). Proc. 10th Internatl. Congr. Ent. (1956) 4: 595-6.

Way, M. J. 1959. Experiments on the mode of action of insecticidal seed-dressings especially against Leptohylemia coarctata Fall., Muscidae, the wheat bulb fly. Ann. Appl. Biol. 47: 783-801.

Way, M. J. 1962. Definition of diapause. Ann. Appl. Biol. 50: 595-96.

Way, M. J. 1963. Mutualism between ants and the honeydew-producing Homoptera. Annu. Rev. Ent. 8: 307-44.

Way, M. J. 1966a. Significance of self-regulatory dispersal in control of aphids by natural enemies, p. 149-50. In: I. Hodek (ed.), Proc. Symp. Ecology of Aphidophagous Insects, Liblice, 1965. Academia, Prague.

Way, M. J. 1966b. Importance of intraspecific competition in aphids, p. 283. In: I. Hodek (ed.), Proc. Symp. Ecology of Aphidophagous Insects, Liblice, 1965. Academia, Prague.

Way, M. J. 1966c. The natural environment and integrated methods of pest control. J. Appl. Ecol. Suppl. 3: 29-32.

Way, M. J. 1968. Intra-specific mechanisms with special reference to aphid populations, p. 18-36. In: T. R. E. Southwood (ed.), Insect Abundance. Blackwell, Oxford.

Way, M. J. 1973. Objectives, methods and scope of integrated control. p. 137-52. In: P. W. Geier, L. R. Clark, D. J. Anderson & H. A. Nix (eds.). Insects: Studies in Population Management. Mem. Ecol. Soc. Aust., Vol. 1.

Way, M. J. 1990. Biological control introductions: a review and justification of the need for a code of conduct with a recommended code for consideration at a FAO expert consultation. Rept. Internatl. Inst. Biol. Contr., Ascot. 34 p.

Way, M. J. & C. J. Banks. 1958. The control of Aphis fabae Scop. with special reference to biological control of insects which attack annual crops. Proc. 10th Intern. Cong. Entomol. 4: 907-09.

Way, M. J. & C. J. Banks. 1968. Population studies on the active stages of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scop., on its winter host Euonymus europaeus Linnaeus. Ann. Appl. Biol. 62: 177-97.

Way, M. J. & G. Murdie. 1965. An example of varietal variations in resistance of Brussels sprouts. Ann. Appl. Biol. 56: 326-28.

Way, M. J., G. Murdie & D. J. Galley. 1969. Experiments on integration of chemical and biological control of aphids on brussel sprouts. Ann. Appl. Biol. 63: 459-75.

Way, M J.., M.E. Canimell, B. Bolton, and P. Kanagaratnam. 1989. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as egg predators of coconut pests, especially in relation to biological control of the coconut caterpillar, Opisina arenoselia Walker (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae), in Sri Lanka. Bull. of Entomological Research, 79: 219-233.

<WB.REF>

<WC.REF>

<WD.REF>

<WE.REF>

Wearing, C. H. 1988. Evaluating the IPM implementation process. Annu. Rev. Ent. 33: 17-38.

Wearing, C H. 1995. Pest resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis: Ecological crop assessment for Bt gene incorporation and strategies of management. Hokkanen, H. M. T. and J. M. Lynch (Ed.). Plant and Microbial Biotechnology Research Series, Vol. 4. Biological control: Benefits and risks. xxii+304p. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, England, UK; New York, New York, USA. ISBN 0-521-47353-5. 1995. p. 236-252.

Weatherley, A. H. 1963. Notions of niche and competition among animals with special reference to freshwater fish. Nature 197(4862): 14-17.

Weatherston, I. 1990. Principles of design and controlled-release formulations, p. 93-112. In: R. L. Ridgway, R. M. Silverstein and M. N. Inscoe (eds.), "Behavior Modifying Chemicals For Insect Management. Marcel Decker, Inc. New York.

Weaver, C. R. 1951. The seasonal behavior of the meadow spittlebug and its relation to a control method. J. Econ. Ent. 44: 350-53.

Weaver, C. R. 1952. Fall applications of insecticides to control spittlebug nymphs. J. Econ. Ent. 45: 238-41.

Weaver, C. R., B. A. App & D. R. King. 1954. Field trials of fall insecticide treatments in Ohio to control the meadow spittlebug. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 741. 99 p.

Weaver, D.B., R. Rodriguez-KAbana, and E.L. Carden. 1993. Velvethean in rotation with soybean for management of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne arenaria. Supplement to the J. Nematol. (Annals of Applied Nematology), 25: 809-813.

Weaver, J. E. & F. C. Clements. 1938. Plant Ecology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 520 p.

Weaver, N. 1955. Rearing of honeybee larvae on royal jelly in the laboratory. Science 121: 509-10.

Weaver, N. 1958. Rearing honeybee larvae in the laboratory. Proc. 10th Internatl. Congr. Ent. (1956) 4: 1031-6.

Weaver, N & K. A. Kuiken. 1951. Quantitative analysis of the essential amino acids of royal jelly and some pollens. J. Econ. Ent. 44: 635-8.

Webb, F. E. & R. E. Denton. 1967. Larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), p. 85-8. In: A. G. Davidson & R. M. Prentice (eds.), Important Forest Insects and Diseases of Mutual Concern to Canada, the United States and Mexico. Canad. Dept. For. & Rural Develop., Ottawa.

Webb, F. E., & F. W. Quednau. 1971. Chapter 38. Coleophora laricella (Hübner), larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), p. 131-36. In: Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada, 1959-1968. CAB, Commonwealth Inst. of Biol. Control, Tech. Comm. No. 4. 266 p.

Webb, J. L. & R. H. Hutchinson. 1916. A preliminary note on the bionomics of Pollenia rudus Fabr. in America. Wash. Ent. Soc. Proc. 18: 197-99.

Webb, S.E. and A.M. Shelton. 1990. Effect of age structure on the outcome of viral epizootics in field populations of imported cabbageworm (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Environ. Entomol., 19: 111-116.

Webb, S. E. & A. M. Shelton. 1991. A simple action threshold for timing applications of a granulosis virus to control Pieris rapae [Lep.: Pieridae]. Entomophaga 36: 379-90.

Webber, H. J. 1903. Improvement of cotton by seed selection. U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearb. p. 384-86.

Webber, R. T. 1932. Sturmia inconspicua Meigen, a tachinid parasite of the gypsy moth. J. Agr. Res. 45: 193-208.

Webber, R. T. & J. V. Schaffner, Jr. 1926. Host relations of Compsilura concinnata Meigen, an important tachinid parasite of teh gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 1363. 31 p.

Weber, A. F., R. D. Moon, D. K. Sorensen, D. W. Bates, J. C. Meiske, C. A. Brown, N. L. Rohland, E. C. Hooker & W. O. Strand. 1988. Evaluation of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) as a vector of enzootic bovine leukosis. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 49: 1543-49.

Weber, C A; Smilanick, J M; Ehler, L E; Zalom, F C. 1996. Ovipositional behavior and host discrimination in three scelionid egg parasitoids of stink bugs. Biological Control, v.6, n.2, (1996): 245-252.

Weber, N. A. 1938. The food of the giant toad, Bufo marinus (L.), in Trinidad and British Guiana with special reference to ants. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 31: 499-503.

Weber, P. W. 1953. Recent liberations of beneficial insects in Hawaii-- II. Hawaii. Ent. Soc. Proc. 15: 127-30.

Weber, P. W. 1954. Recent liberations of beneficial insects in Hawaii-- III. Hawaii. Ent. Soc. Proc. 15: 369-70.

Weber, P. W. 1955. Recent liberations of beneifical insects in Hawaii-- IV. Hawaii. Ent. Soc. Proc. 15: 635-38.

Weber, P. W. 1956. Recent liberations for biological control in Hawaii. Hawaii. Ent. Soc. Proc. 16: 162-64.

Weber, P. W. 1957. Recent introductions for biological control in Hawaii-- II. Hawaii. Ent. Soc. Proc. 16: 313-15.

Webster, F. M. 1880. Notes upon the food of predaceous beetles. Bull. Ill. St. Lab. Nat. Hist 1(3): 149-52.

Webster, F. M. 1900. Harpalus caliginosus as a strawberry pest, with notes on other phytophagous Carabidae. Canad. Ent. 32: 265-71.

Webster, F. M. 1901. Insectary rearings of two species of Mordellistena. Canad. Ent. 33: 176.

Webster, F. M. 1912. A preliminary report on the alfalfa weevil. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 112: 47.

Webster, F. M. 1919. The spring grain aphis on so-called "green bug." U. S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. Plant Quar. Cir 93.

Webster, F. M. & W. J. Phillips. 1912. The spring grain-aphis or "green bug." U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 110: 1-153.

Webster, J. M. & J. F. Bronskill. 1968. Use of Gelgard M. and an evaporation retardant to facilitate control of larch sawfly by a nematode-bacterium complex. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 1370-73.

Webster, L. T. 1946. Experimental epidemiology. Medicine 25: 77-109.

Webster, R. P. & R. T. Carde. 1984. The effects of mating, exogenous juvenile hormone and a juvenile hormone analogue on pheromone titre, calling and oviposition in the omnivorous leafroller moth (Platynota stultana). J. Insect Physiol. 30: 113-18.

Weddell, J. A. 1932. The banana weevil borer. Brief notes on Plaesius javanus Er., the histerid predator. Queensland Agr. J. 38(1): 24-9. & Queensland Dept. Agr. & Stock. 6 p.

Weekman, G. T. 1962. Seasonal fluctuations of European corn borer predator populations in corn. Proc. 17th Ann. Mtg. North Cent. Br., Ent. Soc. Amer. 17: 143-44.

Weems, H. V. 1953. Notes on collecting syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Florida Ent. 36: 91-8.

Weems, H. V. 1981. Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Fla. Dept. Agr. & Consumer Serv., Div. Plant Industry, Entomol. Cir. No. 230. 8 pp.

Wegensteiner, R. & E. Führer. 1988. Zur Wirksamkeit von Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. gegen Hylobius abietis [Col.: Curculionidae]. Entomophaga 339-48.

Wegerek, W. & A. Szmidt. 1962. Attempts to acclimatize Perillus bioculatus Fabr. (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) in Poland. Biul. Inst. Ochrana Rostlin, No. 17: 7-27. [English & Russian summaries; Abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A), 51: 474].

Wegorek, W. 1966. Effects of plant-protecting chemical applications on agrocoenoses. Postepy nauk. roln., Warszawa 60: 43-52. [in Polish].

Wegorek, W. & E. Kurstak. 1963. Les problèmes scientifiques et pratiques d'application de la lutte biologique dans l'agriculture francaise. Biul. Instyt. Ochr. Rosl, Poznan 23: 17-36. [in Polish].

Wehling, W.F. and G.L. Piper. 1988. Efficacy diminution of the rush skeletonweed gall midge, Cystiphora schmidti (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), by an indigenous parasitoid. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 64: 83-85.

Wehrhahn, C. F. & W. Klassen. 1971. Genetic insect control methods involving the release of relatively few laboratory-reared insects. Canad. Ent. 103: 1387-96.

Wehrle, L. P. 1939. Grape insects in Arizona. Ariz. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 162: 274-92.

Weidemann, Gj. and D.O. TeBeest. 1990. Biology of host range testing for biocontrol of weeds. Weed Technology, 4: 465-470.

Weidemann, G J. and G.E. Templeton. 1988. Efficacy and soil persistence of Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae for control of Texas gourd (Cucurbita texana). Plant Disease, 72: 36-38.

Weidhaas, D. E. 1973. Principles of the sterile male technique with emphasis on ecology, p. 17-22. In: Computer Models and Application of the Sterile-Male Technique. Intern. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.

Weidhaas, D. E. & W. C. McDuffie. 1963. Highlights of recent research on chemosterilants for the control of insects of medical and veterinary importance. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 9: 268-72.

Weidhaas, D. E. & C. H. Schmidt. 1963. Mating ability of male mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.), sterilized chemically or by gamma radiation. Mosq. News 23: 32-4.

Weidhaas, D. E., D. G. Haile, P. B. Morgan & G. C. LaBrecque. 1977. A model to simulate control of house flies with a pupal parasite, Spalangia endius. Environ. Ent. (1977).

Weidner, H. 1950. The breeding sites of mlaria mosquitoes in north Greece and their sanitation. Ztschr. f. angew. Ent. 32: 86-133.

Wei-lan, Ma. & J. E. Laing. 1973. Biology, potential for increase and prey consumption of Amblyseius chilenensis (Dosse) [Acarina: Phytoseiidae]. Entomophaga 18: 47-60.

Weindling, R. 1932. Trichoderma lignorum as a parasite of other soil fungi. Phytopathology 22: 837-45.

Weiner, B. A., W. F. Kwolek, G. St. Julian, H. H. Hall & R. W. Jackson. 1966. Oxygen concentration in larval hemolymph of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, infected with Bacillus popilliae. J. Invertebr. Path. 8: 308-13.

Weinhold, A. R. & T. Bowman. 1968. Selective inhibition of the potato scab pathogen by antagonistic bacteria and substrate influence on antibiotic production. Plant Soil 28: 12-24.

Weinhold, A. R., J. W. Oswald, T. Bowman, J. Bishop & D. Wright. 1964. Influence of green manures and crop rotation on common scab of potato. Amer. Potato J. 41: 265-73.

Weinhold, A. R., J. W. Oswald, T. Bowman, J. Bishop & D. Wright. 1964. Influence of green manures and crop rotation on common scab of potato. Amer. Potato J. 41: 265-73.

Weinhold, A. R., T. Bowman & R. L. Dodman. 1969. Virulence of Rhizoctonia solani as affected by nutrition of the pathogen. Phytopathology 59: 1601-05.

Weinke, K. E. 1962. The influence of nitrogen on the root disease of bean caused by Fusarium solani f. phaseoli. Phytopathology 52: 757.

Weinreich, E. 1966. [On the apparatus for stick-capture of the adults of Stenus Latr. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) with an addition to give knowledge of immature stages of the genus]. Z. Morph. Tiere 62: 162-209.

Weinzierl, Richard A.; Jones, Carl J. 1998. Releases of Spalangia nigroaenea and Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) increase rates of parasitism and total mortality of stable fly and house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) pupae in Illinois cattle feedlots.

Journal of Economic Entomology, v.91, n.5, (1998. Oct.): 1114-1121.

Weir, J. R. 1927. The problem of Dichrostachys nutans, a weed tree in Cuba with remarks on its pathology. Phytopath. 17: 137-46.

Weires, R. W. & H. C. Chiang. 1973. A radiographic method for rapid detection of Hylemya brassicae puparial parasitism. Entomophaga 18: 405-8.

Weiser, J. 1946. Studie o mikrosporidiich z larev hmyzç našich vod. (The mikrosporidia of insect larvae). Vestnik „eskoslov. Zool. Spole…nosti 10: 245-72.

Weiser, J. 1947. Klíc kurcovani Mikrosporidií. Acta Soc. Sci. Naturalium Moravicae 18: 1-64.

Weiser, J. 1951. PÍísp�vek k poznání plísní cizopasících v hmyzu. Entomologicke Listy 14: 130-5.

Weiser, J. 1954. Zur systematischen Stellung der Schizogregarinen der Mehlmotte, Ephestia kuhniella. Z. Arch. f. Protistenkunde 100: 127-42.

Weiser, J. 1955a. Neoplectana carpocapsae n. sp. (Anguillulata, Steinernematinae), nový cizopasník housenek obale…e jabl…neho, Carpocapsa pomonella L. Véstník „eskoslov. Zool. Spole…nosti 19: 44-52.

Weiser, J. 1955b. A new classification of the Schizogregarine. J. Protozool. 2: 6-12.

Weiser, J. 1956. Protozoäre Infektionen im Kampfe gegen Insekten. Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrankh. u. Pflanzenschutz 63: 625-38.

Weiser, J. 1957a. Uber die Moglichkeiten des biologischen Kampfes gegen Hyphantria cunea. III. „eskoslov. Parasitol. IV: 359-67.

Weiser, J. 1957b. Mikorsporidien des Schwammspinner und Goldafters. Zeitschr. angew. Ent. 40: 509-21.

Weiser, J. 1957c. Moñnosti biologického boje s pÍástevní…kem americkým (Hyphantria cunea Drury)-- III. „eskoslovenská Parasitologie 4: 359-67.

Weiser, J. 1958a. Protozoan diseases in insect control. Proc. 10th Internatl. Congr. Ent. (1956) 4: 681-5.

Weiser, J. 1958b. Zur Taxonomie der Insektenviren. „eskoslovenská Parasitologie 5: 203-211.

Weiser, J. 1961. Die Mikrosporidien als Parasiten der Insekten. Beihefte zur angew. Ent. 17. Paul Parey, Berlin & Hamburg. 149 p.

Weiser, J. 1962. Biologische Methoden der Bekämpfung schädlicher Insekten. Agrochemikálie 2: 85-9. [in Czech].

Weiser, J. 1963a. Sporozoan infections, p. 291-334. In: E. A. Steinhaus (ed.), Insect Pathology: An Advanced Treatise. Academic Press, New York & London.

Weiser, J. 1963a. Über Massenzuchten von Pyemotes-Milben [Acarina]. Beitr. Ent., Berlin 13: 547-51.

Weiser, J. 1963b. Protozoan diseases of the gipsy moth. Progr. Protozool., Proc. 1st Internatl. Congr. Protozool., Prague, 1961. p. 497-9.

Weiser, J. 1963c. Zur Kenntnis der Mikrosporidien aus Chironomiden-Larven III. Zool. Anz. 170: 226-30.

Weiser, J. 1963d. Advances in biological control in relation to vectors of human diseases. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 29: 107-13.

Weiser, J. 1965. A new virus infection of mosquito larvae. Bull. World Health Organ. 33: 586-8.

Weiser, J. 1966a. Nemoci hmyzu. [Diseases of Insects]. Academic, Praha. 554 p.

Weiser, J. 1966b. Microbial pathogens of invertebrates. Proc. 1st Internatl. Congr. Parasitol., Rome, 1964, 2. p. 589-90.

Weiser, J. 1968. Triplosporium tetranychi sp. n. (Phycomycetes, Entomophthoraceae), a fungus infecting the red mite, Tetranychus althaeae Hanst. Folia Parasitol. 15: 115-22.

Weiser, J. 1969. An Atlas of Insect Diseases. Irish Univ., Shannon.

Weiser, J. 1970. Recent advances in insect pathology. Annu. Rev. Ent. 15: 245-56.

Weiser, J. & A. Batko. 1966. A new parasite of Culex pipiens L., Entomophthora destruens sp. nov. [Phycomycetes, Entomophthoraceae]. Folia Parasitol., Praha 13: 144-9.

Weiser, J. & J. D. Briggs. 1971. Identification of pathogesn, p. 13-63. In: H. D. Burgess & N. W. Hussey (eds.), Microbial Control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, London. 861p. (161p.?).

Weiser, J. & M. Coluzzi. 1966. Plistophora culisetae in the mosquito Culiseta longiareolata Maqu.-- further remarks. Proc. 1st Internatl. Congr. Parasitol., Rome, 1964, 2. p. 596-7.

Weiser, J. & M. Coluzzi. 1972. The microsporidian Plistophora culicis Weiser, 1946 in different mosquito hosts. Folia Parasit. 19(3): 197-202.

Weiser, J. & Z. Hostounský. 1972. Production of spores of osema plodia Kellen et Lindegren in Mamestra brassicae L. after different dossages. V�st. „esk. Spole…nosti Zool. 36: 97-100.

Weiser, J. & O. Lysenko. 1956. Septikemie bource moruçového. „eskoslovenská Mikrobiologie 1: 216-22.

Weiser, J. & J. S. Pillai. 1981. Tolypocladium cylindrosporum [Deuteromycetes, Moniliaceae], a new pathogen of mosquito larvae. Entomophaga 26: 357-62.

Weiser, J. & K. Sláma. 1964. Effects of the toxin of Pyemotes [Acarina: Pyemotidae] on the insect prey, with special reference to respiration. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 57: 479-82.

Weiser, J. & C. Vago. 1966. A newly described virus of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata Hübner (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). J. Invertebr. Path. 8: 314-19.

Weiser, J. & J. Vávra. 1964. Zur Verbreitung der Coelomomyces-Pilze in europäischen Insekten. Ztschr. Tropenmed. Parasitol. 15: 38-42.

Weiser, J. & J. Veber. 1954. The possibilities of biological control of the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury). Folia Zool. Ent. 3: 55-68.

Weiser, J. & J. Veber. 1955. Moñnosti biologického boje s pÍásteví…kem americkým (Hyphantria cunea Drury) II. „eskoslovenská Parasitologie 2: 191-9.

Weiser, J. & J. Veber. 1957. Die Mikrosporidie Thelohania hyphantriae Weiser des weissen Bärenspinners und anderer Mitglieder siner Biocönose. Zeitschr. angew. Ent. 40: 55-70.

Weiser, J., G. E. Bucher & G. O. Poinar, Jr. 1976. Host relationships and utility of pathogens, p. 169-82. In: C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory & Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press, New York. 788 p.

Weismann, A. 1864. Die Entwicklung der Dipteren ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Insekten. Leipzig. 263 p.

Weismann, L. & V. Vallo. 1963. Aphis fabae Scop. Vydavatelstvo Slovenskej Akademie vied, Bratislava. 301 p. [in Czech].

Weiss, H. B. 1922. A summary of the food habits of North American Coleoptera. Amer. Nat. 56(643): 159-65.

Weiss, H. B. 1936. The Pioneer Century of American Entomology. H. B. Weiss, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Weiss, M. G. 1949. Soybeans. Advan. Agron. 1: 77-157.

Weiss, M. J., V. Beregovoy & L. D. Charlet. 1988. The influence of tillage on the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes, and its associated parasitoids. North Cent. Br. Ent. Soc. Amer. 43rd Ann. Meet., Denver, CO., Mar 20-23, 1988.

Weiss, M., L. D. Charlet & V. Beregovoy. 1989. The influence of tillage on the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes, and its associated parasitoids in North Dakota. Proc. 5th Ann. Great Plains Sunflower Insect Workshop, Fargo, ND., April 18-19, 1989. p. 11-14.

Weiss, S.A. and J.L. Vaughn. 1986. Cell culture methods for large-scale propagation of baculoviruses, pp. 63-88. In: Granados, R.R. and B.A. Federici, (eds.). the Biology of Baculoviruses.- Volume II. Practical Application for Insect Control CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A.

Welch, H. E. 1958. A review of recent work on nematodes associated with insects with regard to their utilization as biological control agents. Proc. 10th Internatl. Congr. Ent. (1956) 4: 863-8.

Welch, H. E. 1960. Hydromermis churchillensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) a parasite of Aedes communis (DeG.) from Churchill, Manitoba, with observations on its incidence and bionomics. Canad. J. Zool. 38: 465-74.

Welch, H. E. 1962. Nematodes as agents for insect control. Proc. Ent. Soc. Ontario 92: 11-19.

Welch, H. E. 1963a. Nematode infections, p. 363-92. In: E. A. Steinhaus (ed.), Insect Pathology: An Advanced Treatise.

Welch, H. E. 1963b. Amphimermis bogongae sp. nov. and Hexamermis cavicola sp. nov. from Australian bogong moth, Agrotis infusa (Boisd.), with a review of the genus Amphimermis Kaburaki & Imamura, 1932 [Nematoda: Mermithidae]. Parasitol. 53: 55-62.

Welch, H. E. 1965. Entomophilic nematodes. Annu. Rev. Ent. 10: 275-302.

Welch, H. E. 1968. Relationships between assimilation efficiencies and growth efficiencies for aquatic consumers. Ecology 49: 755-59.

Welch, H. E. 1971. VArious target species: attempts with DD-136, p. 62-66. In: Biological Control Programmes against Insects and Weeds in Canada 1959-1968. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 4: 62-6.

Welch, H. & J. L. Briand. 1961. Field experiments on the use of a nematode for the control of vegetable crops insects. Proc. Ent. Soc. Ont. 91: 197-202.

Welch, H. E. & J. P. Bronskill. 1962. Parasitism of mosquito larvae by the nematode DD-136 (Nematoda: Neoaplectanidae). Canad. J. Zool. 40: 1263-68.

Weldon, G. F. 1914. Insect notes. Calif. Hort. Comm. Mon. Bull. 3: 296.

Weldon, L. W. 1960. A summary review of investigations on alligatorweed and its control. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Ser. CR-33-60. 41 p.

Wellenstein, G. 1952. Ergebnisse 25 jähriger Grundlagenforschung zur Bedeutung der Ìoten Waldameise (Formica rufa L.). Mitt. Biol. Zentralanst., Berlin-Dahlem 75: 125-33.

Wellenstein, G. 1954. What can we expect from the red wood ant in forest protection. Beitr. Ent. 4: 117-38. [in German].

Wellenstein, G. 1967. Zur Frage der Standortansprüche hügelbauender Waldameise (F. rufa group). Z. ang. Zool. 54: 139-66.

Weller, D.M. 1983. Application of fluorescent pseudomonads to control root diseases, pp. 137-140. In:Parker, C.A. et al. (eds.). Ecology and Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens. Amer. Phytopathological Soc., St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.

Wellinge, S. & M. Wysoki. 1989. Preliminary investigation of food source preferences of the parasitoid Trichogramma platneri Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Anz. Schandlings. Pflanzen. Unveltschutz 62: 133-5.

Wellington, E. F. 1949. Artificial media for reariang some phytophagous Lepidoptera. Nature 163: 574.

Wellington, W. G. 1957. The synoptic approach to studies of insects and climate. Annu. Rev. Ent. 2: 143-62.

Wellington, W. G. 1965. Some maternal influences on progeny quality in the western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma pluviate (Dyar). Canad. Ent. 97: 1-14.

Wellington, W. G. 1977. Returning the insect to insect ecology: some consequences of pest management. Environ. Ent. 6: 1-86.

Wellington, W. S. 1983. Biometeorology of dispersal. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 29: 24-9.

Welton, J.S. and M. Ladle. 1993. The experimental treatment of the blackfly Simulium posticatum in the Dorset Stout using the biologically produced insecticide Bacillus thutingiensis var. israelensis. J. Applied Ecology, 30: 772-782.

Wene, G. P. & P. T. Riherd. 1950. Oil emulsion to control rhodes grass scale. J. Econ. Ent. 43: 386.

Wen-Qing, L. J. N. 1985. Bionomics of Tetrastichus hagenowii parasitizing in the oothecae of Periplaneta fuliginosa. Acta. Ent. Sinica 27: 406-09.

Went, D. F. & G. Krause. 1973. Normal development of mechanically activated, unlaid eggs of an endoparasitic hymenopteran. Nature 244: 454-6.

Werner, F. 1913. Die Massensammlung der Coccinella. Z. f. Wiss. Insektenbiol. 9: 311 p.

Wermelinger, B., J. J.. Oertli, and V. Delucchi. 1985. Effect of host plant nitrogen fertilization on the biology of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 38: 23-28.

Werner, F. G. 1961. The first instar larva of Epicauta, subgenus gnathospasta (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Proc. 11th Internatl. Cong. Ent. (1960), Vienna I: 106-09.

Werner, F. G. & G. D. Butler, Jr. 1958. Tent caterpillars in breeding useful parasites, they may be valuable friends. Progressive Agr. Ariz., Spring 1958. p. 13.

Werren, J. H. 1980. Sex ratio adaptations to local mate competition in a parasitic wasp. Science 208: 1157-59.

Werren, J.H. 1984a. Brood size and sex ratio regulation in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Netherlands J. Zool., 34: 123-143.

Werren, J.H. 1984b. A model for sex ratio selection in parasitic wasps: local mate competition and host quality effects. Netherlands J. Zool., 34: 81-96.

Werren, J. H. 1987. The coevolution of autosomal and cytoplasmic sex ratio factors. J. Theoret. Biol. 124: 317-34.

Werren, J. H. & J. Van den Assem. 1986. Experimental analysis of a paternally inherited extrachromosomal factor. Genetics 114: 217-33.

Werren, J. H., S. W. Skinner & E. L. Charnov. 1981. Paternal inheritance of a daughterless sex ratio factor. Nature 293: 467-68.

Werren, J. H., S. W. Skinner & A. M. Huger. 1986. Male-killing bacteria in a parasitic wasp. Science 231: 990-992.

Werren, J. H., U. Nur & D. Eickbusch. 1987. An extrachromosomal factor causing loss of paternal chromosomes. Nature 327: 75-76.

Werren, John H.; Hurst, Gregory D.D.; Wan Zhang; Breeuwer, Johaness A.J.; and others. 1994. Rickettsial relative associated with male killing in the ladybird beetle (Adalia bipunctata). Journal of Bacteriology v176, n1-2 (Jan, 1994):388 (7 pages).

Weseloh, R. M. 1969. Biology of Cheiloneurus noxius, with emphasis on host relationships and oviposition behavior. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 62: 299-305.

Weseloh, R. M. 1971a. Influence of host deprivation and physical host characteristics on host selection behavior of the hyperparasite Cheiloneurus noxius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 64: 580-86.

Weseloh, R. M. 1971b. Influence of primary (parasite) hosts on host selection of the hyperparasite Cheiloneurus noxius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 64: 1233-36.

Weseloh, R. M. 1972a. Sense organs of the hyperparasite Cheiloneurus noxius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) important in host selection processes. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65: 41-6.

Weseloh, R. M. 1972b. Spatial distribution of the gypsy moth [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae] and some of its parasitoids within a forest environment. Entomophaga 17: 339-51.

Weseloh, R. M. 1974a. Host-related microhabitat preference of Gypsy moth larval parasite, Parasetigena agilis. Environ. Ent. 3: 363-64.

Weseloh, R. M. 1974b. Host recognition by the gypsy moth larval parasitoid, Apanteles melanoscelus. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 67: 585-7.

Weseloh, R. M. 1977. Behavioral responses of the parasite, Apanteles melanoscelus, to gypsy moth silk. Environ. Ent. 5: 1128-32.

Weseloh, R. M. 1978. Seasonal and spatial mortality patterns of Apanteles melanoscelus due to predators and Gypsy moth hyperparasites. Environ. Ent. 7: 662-65.

Weseloh, R. M. 1982. Implications of tree microhabitat preferences of Compsilura concinata (Diptera: Tachinidae) for its effectiveness as a Gypsy moth parasitoid. Canad. Ent. 114: 617-22.

Weseloh, R. M. 1984. Behavior of parasites and predators: Influences on manipulative strategies and effectiveness. p. 168-80. In: Proc. Chinese Acad. Sci. - U.S. Nat. Acad. Sci. Symp. Science Press, Beijing, China.

Weseloh, R.M. 1984. Effect of exposing adults of the gypsy moth parasite Compsilura concinnata (Diptera: Tachinidae) to hosts on the parasite's subsequent behavior. Canad. Entom., 116: 79-84.

Weseloh, R. M. 1986. Artificial selection for host suitability and development length of the gypsymoth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) parasite, Cotesia melanoscela (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J. Econ. Ent. 79: 1212-16.

Weseloh, R. M. 1988. Host recognition by the gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar] [Lep.: Lymantriidae] hyperparasite, Eurytoma appendigaster [Hym.: Eurytomidae] of cocoons of Cotesia melanoscela [Hym.: Braconidae]. Entomophaga 33: 153-62.

Weseloh, R.M. 1990. Simulation of litter residence times of young gypsy moth larvae and implications for predation by ants. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 57: 215-221.

Weseloh, R. M. & J. F. Anderson. 1975. Inundative release of Apanteles melanoscelus against the gypsy moth. Environ. Ent. 4: 33-36.

Weseloh, R. M. & B. R. Bartlett. 1971. Influence of chemical characteristics of the secondary scale host on host selection behavior of the hyperparasite Cheiloneurus noxius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 64: 1259-64.

Weseloh, R., W. Wallner & M. A. Hoy. 1979. Possible deleterious effects of releasing Anastatus kashmirensis, a facultative hyperparasite of the gypsy moth. Environ. Ent. 8: 174-77.

Weseloh, R. M., T. G. Andreadis, R. E. B. Moore, J. F. Anderson, N. R. Dubois & F. B. Lewis. 1983. Field confirmation of a mechanism causing synergism between Bacillus thuringiensis and the gypsy moth parasitoid, Apanteles melanoscelus. J. Invert. Path. 41: 99-103.

Wesenberg-Lund, C. 1913. Biologische Studien über Dytisciden. Intern. Rev. Hydrobiol. u. Hydrogr., Biol. Suppl., Ser. V, 1: a 1-129.

West Africa Cacao Research Institute. 1949-57. Annual reports for 1949-1957. (Abs. in Appl. Ent. (A), 40: 363-66; 43: 79-82; 45: 308-13.).

West, A. S. & B. De Long. 1955. Notes on the biology and laboratory rearing of a predatory insect, Zelus exsanguis (Stahl) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario 86: 97-101.

West, D. H. 1964. Biological control of the pine sawfly in N. W. Sutherland. Scot. Forest. 18: 315-7.

West, L. S. 1951. The Housefly, its Natural History, Medical Importance and Control. Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca, New York. 584 p.

West, T. F. & G. A. Campbell. 1952. DDT and Newer Persistent Insecticides. Chemical Publ., New York.

West African Cacao Research Institute. 1957. Annu. Rept. 1955-56. 90 p.

Westerlund, A. 1965. [Observations on the food consumption and metamorphosis of coccinella septempunctata]. Molekyyli 22(4): 69-71.

Westigard, P. H. 1979. Codling moth: Control on pear with diflubenzuron and effects on nontarget pest and beneficial species. J. Econ. Ent. 75: 552-54.

Westigard, P. H. & H. F. Madsen. 1963. Pear psylla in abandoned orchards. Calif. Agr. 17(1): 6-8.

Westigard, P. H. and H. R. Moffitt. 1984. Natural control of the pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae): impact of mating disruption with the sex pheromone for control of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 77:1520-1523.

Westigard, P. H., L. G. Gentner & D. W. Berry. 1968. Present status of biological control of the pear psylla in southern Oregon. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 740-43.

Westoby, M., J. Krummel, W. Dritschilo & D. Pimentel. 1979. Direct and indirect use of land, labor and fossil fuels by some animal production systems. Environ. Biol. Rept. 79-1, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.

Westwood, J. O. 1836. Observations upon the Strepsiptera. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1: 169-72.

Westwood, J. O. 1839a. Memoirs on various species of hymenopterous insects. Trans. Ent. Soc. London 4: 123-41.

Westwood, J. O. 1839b. Notice of a minute parasite inhabiting the larva of the Stylopidae; and upon an animal produced from the eggs of meloe. Ent. Soc. London Trans. 2: 184-88.

Westwood, J. O. 1839c. An introduction to the modern classification of insects. Vol. I. Longman, Orme, Green & Longmans, London. 462 p. [Coleoptera p. 33-396].

Westwood, J. O. 1840. An introduction to the modern classification of insects. Vol. II. Longman, Orme, Green & Longmans, London. 587 p. [Stylopidae = p 287-306].

Westwood, J. O. 1843. On Evania and some allied genera of hymenopterous insects. Trans. Ent. Soc. London III: 237-78.

Westwood, J. O. 1858. Notes on the occurrence of a strepsipterous insect parasitic in ants, discovered in Ceylon by Herr Nietner. Trans. Ent. Soc. London 2nd. Ser. 5: 418-20.

Westwood, J. O. 1876. Notes on the habits of a lepidopterous insect parasitic on Fulgora candelaria. Ent. Soc. London Trans. (1876): 519-24.

Westwood, J. O. 1877. Notes on strepsipterous insect parasitic upon an exotic species of Homoptera. Trans. Ent. Soc. London (1877): 185-87.

Wetherbee, D. K. 1966. Vertebrate pest control by biological means, p. 102-11. In: E. F. Knipling (ed.), Pest Control by Chemical, Biological, Genetic and Physical Means. Symp. Montreal, 1964. Agr. Res. Serv., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Weyer, F. 1927. Die rudimentaren Keimdrusen im Lebensablauf der Arbeiter von Formica rufa L. und Camponotus ligniperda Latr. mit Berücksichtingung der übrigen sozialen Hymenopteren. Zool. Anz. 74: 205-21.

Weyer, F. 1928. Ovaries of the workers in social Hymenoptera. Z. Wiss. Zool. 131: 345-501.

<WF.REF>

<WG.REF>

<WH.REF>

Whalen, M.E., B.A. Croft, and T.M. Mowry. 1982. Introduction and survival of susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of Amblyseius fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a Michigan apple orchard. Environ. Entomol., 11: 1096-1099.

Whalley, P. E. S. 1969. The mymarid (Hym.) egg parasites of Tettigella viridis L. (Hem: Cicadellidae) and embryo-parasitism. Ent. Mon. Mag. 105: 239-43.

Whalon, M. E. & B. A. Croft. 1984. Apple IPM implementation in North America. Annu. Rev. Ent. 29: 435-70.

Whalon, M. E., B. A. Croft & T. M. Mowry. 1982. Introduction and survival of susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of Amblyseius fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a Michigan apple orchard. Environ. Ent. 11: 1096-99.

Wharton, R. A. 1989. Chapter 9.1 Classical Biological Control of Fruit-infesting Tephritidae. pp. 303-313. In: A. S. Robinson & G. Harper (eds.). World Crop Pests. Fruit Flies , Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Vol. 3B. Elsevier.

Wharton, R.A. 1993. Bionomics of the Braconidae. Annu. Rev. of Entomol., 38: 121-143.

Wharton, R. A. & F. E. Gilstrap. 1983. Key to and status of opiine braconid (Hymenoptera) parasitoids used in biological control of Ceratitis and Dacus s. l. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 76: 721-742.

Wharton, R. A., F. E. Gilstrap, R. H. Rhode, M. Fischel-M & W. G. Hart. 1981. Hymenopterous egg-pupal and larval-pupal parasitoids of Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha spp. [Dip.: Tephritidae] in Costa Rica. Entomophaga 26: 285-290.

Wheatley, P. E. 1964. The successful establishment of Eretmocerus serius Silv. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Kenya. E. Africa Agr. For. J. 29: 236.

Wheeler, A. G., Jr., & G. L. Jubb, Jr. 1979. Scymnus cervicalis Mulsant, a predator of grape phylloxera, with notes on S. brullei Mulsant as a predator of woolly aphids on elm (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The Coleopterist Bull. 33: 199-204.

Wheeler, E. W. 1923. Some braconids parasitic on aphids and their life-history (Hym.). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 16: 1-29.

Wheeler, G. C. & E. W. Wheeler. 1937. New hymenopterous parasites of ants (Chalcidoidea: Eucharidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 30: 163-75.

Wheeler, Gregory S., 1955- 1998. Influence of Pistia stratiotes plant quality on fecundity and egg distribution of the biological control agent Spodoptera pectinicornis / by G.S. Wheeler, T.D. Center, T.K. Van ; prepared for U.S. Army Corps... Vicksburg, Miss. : U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1998. Series title: Technical report (U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station) ; A-98-4.

Wheeler, G. S., T. R. Ashley & K. L. Andrews. 1989. Larval parasitoids and pathogens of the fall armyworm in Honduran maize. Entomophaga 34: 331-40.

Wheeler, R. E. 1984. Industrial insect production for insecticide screening, pp. 240-247. In: E. G King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing. U. S. Govt. Printing Office.

Wheeler, W. M. 1907. The polymorphism of ants, with an account of some singular abnormalities due to parasitism. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 23: 1-93.

Wheeler, W. M. 1910. Effects of parasitic and other kinds of castration upon insects. J. Expt. Zool. 8: 377-438.

Wheeler, W. M. 1911a. Insect parasitism and its peculiarities. Pop. Sci. Mon. 79: 431-49.

Wheeler, W. M. 1911b. An ant-nest coccinellid (Brachyacantha quadripunctata Mels.). J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 19(3): 169-74.

Wheeler, W. M. 1913. A solitary wasp (Aphilanthops frigidus F. Smith) that provisions its nest with queen ants. J. Anim. Behavior 3: 374-87.

Wheeler, W. M. 1919. The phoresy of Antherophagus. Psyche 26(6): 145-52.

Wheeler, W. M. 1923. Social Life Among the Insects. Harcourt, Brace, New York. 375 p.

Wheeler, W. M. 1928. The Social Insects. Harcourt, Brace & Co., New York. 378 p.

Wheeler, W. M. 1930. Demons of the Dust. Publ., New York. 378 p.

Wheeler, W. M. & R. Dow. 1933. Unusual prey of Bembex. Psyche 40: 57-9.

Wheeler, W. M. & L. H. Taylor. 1921. Vespa arctica Rohwer, a parasite of Vespa diabolica Saussure. Psyche 28: 135-44.

Whervin, L. W. van. 1963. The biological control of the moth borer Diatraea saccharalis (F.) with special reference to Lixophaga diatraeae Tns. A preliminary report. Barbados Min. Agr. Bull. 35. 22 p. (Pest Article News Sum. (A), 14: 456-64)

Whisler, H. C. 1963. Observations on some new and unusual enterophilous Phycomycetes. Canad. J. Bot. 41: 887-900.

Whistlecraft, J.W. and J. M. Lepard. 1989. Effect of flooding on survival of the onion fly Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and two parasitoids, Aphaereta pallipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Proc. of the Entomological Soc. of Ontario, 120: 43-47.

Whistlecraft, J. W., J. H. Tolman & C. R. Harris. 1985a. Delia piatura, pp. 59-65. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Whistlecraft, J. W., J. H. Tolman & C. R. Harris. 1985b. Delia radicum, pp. 67-73. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Whistlecraft, J. W., C. R. Harris, J. H. Tolman, and A. D. Tomlin. 1985. Mass-rearing technique for Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 78: 995-997.

Whitcomb, R. F., M. Shapiro & J. Richardson. 1966. An Erwinia-like bacterium pathogenic to leafhoppers. J. Invertebr. path. 8: 299-307.

Whitcomb, W. D. 1928. A new beneficial beetle in Massachusetts. J. Econ. Ent. 21(6): 937-38.

Whitcomb, W. D. 1940. Biological control of mealybugs in greenhouses. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 375. 22 p.

Whitcomb, W. H. 1967. Field studies on predators of the second-instar bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). J. Georgia Ent. Soc. 2: 113-18.

Whitcomb, W. H. 1971. The tufted titmouse, Parus bicolor, as a predator of the pecan nut casebearer, Acrobasis caryae. Proc. Tall Timbers Conf. Ecol. Anim. Contr. Habitat Managem. 2: 305-08.

Whitcomb, W. H. 1974. Natural populations of entomophagous arthropods and their effect on the agroecosystem, p. 150-69. In: F. G. Maxwell & R. A. Harris (& T. R. Ashley?) (eds.), Proceedings of the Summer Institute of Biological Control of Plant Insects and Diseases. Univ Press, Jackson, Mississippi. 647 p.

Whitcomb, W. H. 1981. The use of predators in insect control, pp. 105-123. In:Pimentel, D., (ed.). CRC Handbook of pest Management in Agriculture, Vol. II. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A.

Whitcomb, W. H. & R. Bell. 1960. Ground beetles on cotton foliage. Fla. Ent. 43(3): 103-04.

Whitcomb, W. H. & K. Bell. 1964. Predaceous insects, spiders, and mites of Arkansas cotton fields. Univ. Ark. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 690. 84 p.

Whitcomb, W. H. & M. Taci…. 1963. Araneida as predators of the fall webworm. J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 36: 186-90.

Whitcomb, W. H., H. Exline & R. C. Hunter. 1963. Spiders of the Arkansas cotton field. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 56: 653-60.

White, E. B. & P. DeBach. 1960. A wide-range variable temperature cabinet for bio-ecological studies. J. Econ. Ent. 53: 1030-4.

White, E. B. & P. DeBach. 1961. A simple anesthetizing device for microscopic observation and manipulation of minute insects. J. Econ. Ent. 54: 806-7.

White, E. B. & E. F. Legner. 1966. Notes on the life history of Aleochara taeniata, a staphylinid parasite of the house fly, Musca domestica. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 59: 573-77.

White, E. B., P. DeBach & M. J. Garber. 1970. Artificial selection for genetic adaptation to temperature extremes in Aphytis lingnanensis Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Hilgardia 40(6): 161-92.

White, E. B., J. S. Bernal, D. Gonzalez & S. V. Triapitsyn. 1998. Facultative hyperparasitism in Brachymeria pomonae (Hymenoptera:Chalcididae). European Journal of Entomology 95: 359-366.

White E.G. and C.B. Huffaker. 1969. Regulatory processes and population cyclicity in laboratory populations of Anagasta kfibniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae). II. Parasitism, predation, competition and protective cover. Researches on Population Ecology, 11: 150-185.

White, G. F. 1923a. Hornworm septicemia. J. Agr. Res. 26: 477-86.

White, G. F. 1923b. Cutworm septicemia. J. Agr. Res. 26: 487-95.

White, E. G. & C. B. Huffaker. 1969. Regulatory processes and population cyclicity in laboratory populations of Anagasta kuhniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae). II. Parasitism, predation, competition and protective cover. Res. Popul. Ecol. 11: 150-85.

White, I. M. & S. L. Clement. 1987. Systematic notes on Urophora (Diptera, Tephritidae) species associated with Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae, Cardueae) and other Palearctic weeds adventive in North America. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 89: 571-80.

White, L. D. & R. B. Hutt. 1972. Effects of treating adult codling moths with sterilizing and substerilizing doses of gamma irradiation in a low-temperature environment. J. Econ. Ent. 65: 140-43.

White, L. D., R. B. Hutt & J. A. Onsager. 1970. Effects of CO₂, chilling, and staining on codling moths to be used for sterile releases. J. Econ. Ent. 63: 1775-77.

White, L. D., R. B. Hutt, B. A. Butt, G. V. Richardson & D. A. Backus. 1973. Sterilized codling moths: effect of releases in a 20-acre applie orchard and comparisons of infestation to trap catches. Environ. Ent. 2: 873-80.

White, M. J. D. 1949. Cytological evidence on the phylogeny and classification of Diptera. Evolution 3: 252-61.

White, M. J. D. 1954. Animal Cytology and Evolution. 2nd. ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. 454 p.

White, M. J. D. 1957. Cytogenetics and systematic entomology. Annu. Rev. Ent. 2: 71-90.

White, M. J. D. 1970. Cytogenetics of speciation. J. Aust. Ent. Soc. 9: 1-6.

White, M. J. D. 1984. Chromosomal mechanisms in animal reproduction. Bull. Zool. 51: 1-23.

White, M. J. D., R. E. Blackith, R. M. Blackith & J. Cheney. 1967. Cytogenetics of the viatica group of morabine grasshoppers. The "coastal" species. Aust. J. Zool. 15: 263-302.

White, M. J. D., K. H. L. Key, M. André & J. Cheney. 1969. Cytogenetics of the viatica group of morabine grasshoppers. II. Kangaroo Island populations. Aust. J. Zool. 17: 313-28.

White, P. C., D. Pimentel & F. C. Garcia. 1957. Distribution and prevalence of human schistosomiasis in Puerto Rico in 1953. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 6: 715-26.

White, R. T. 1941. Development of milky disease of Japanese beetle larvae under field conditions. J. Econ. Ent. 34: 213-15.

White, R. T. 1943. Effect of milky disease on Tiphia parasites of Japanese beetle larvae. J. New York. Ent. Soc. 51: 213-18.

White, R. T. & S. R. Dutky. 1940. Effect of the introduction of milky diseases on populations of Japanese beetle larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 33: 306-09.

White, R. T. & S. R. Dutky. 1942. Cooperative distribution of organisms causing milky disease of Japanese beetle grubs. J. Econ. Ent. 35: 679-82.

White, T. D. & G. L. Jubb. 1980. Potential of food sprays for augmenting green lacewing populations in vineyards. p. 35-42. Melsheimer Ent. Ser. #29.

White-Haney, J. 1914. Report of the officer in charge of the prickly-pear experimental station, Dulacca, up to 30th June, 1913. Appendix IV. Queensland Dept. Pub. Lands Ann. Rept. for 1912 & 1913. 63 p.

White-Haney, J. 1915. Report of the officer in charge of the prickly-pear experimental station, Dulacca, From 1st May, 1914, to 30th April, 1915. Appendix IV. Queensland Dept. Pub. Lands Ann. Rept. 45 p.

White-Haney, J. 1916. Report of the officer in charge of the prickly-pear experimental station, Dulacca, From 1st May, 1915, to 30th June, 1916. Appendix IV. Queensland Dept. Pub. Lands Ann. Rept. 45 p.

White, R. T. 1940a. The relation of ants to the Japanese beetle and its established parasites. New York Ent. Soc. J. 48: 85-99.

White, R. T. 1940b. Survival of type A milky disease of Japanese beetle larvae under adverse field conditions. J. Econ. Ent. 33: 303-6.

White, R. T. 1943. Effect of milky disease on Tiphia parasites of Japanese beetle larvae. New York Ent. Soc. J. 51: 213-18.

White, R. T. 1946. Effect of the sun's rays upon the viability of spores of Bacillus popilliae Dutky, the organism causing milky disease of Japanes beetle larvae. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. & Plant Quar. E-703. 4 p.

White, R. T. 1947. Milky disease infecting Cyclocephala larvae in the field. J. Econ. Ent. 40: 912-14.

White, R. T. & S. R. Dutky. 1940. Effect of the introduction of milky diseases on populations of Japanese beetle larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 33: 306-9.

White, R. T. & P. J. McCabe. 1943. Colonization of the organism causing milky disease of Japanese beetle larvae. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Plant Quar., E-605. 7 p.

Whitehead, G. B. 1948. The oecology of a citrus orchard with observations on the biological control of citrus red scale (Aonidiella aurantii Mask.) and the life history and morphology of some coccinellid predators of red scale. So. Afr. J. Sci.???

Whitehead, G. B. 1951. Some observations on the life history of the ladybird beetle, Chilocorus solitus Muls. So. Afr. J. Sci. 47(10): 293-96.

Whiteside, R. C., P. P. Burbutis & L. P. Kelsey. 1967. Insect parasites of the green cloverworm in Delaware. J. Econ. Ent. 60: 326-8.

Whitfield, F. G. S. 1925. The natural control of the leaf-miner (Phytomyza aconiti Hendel) (Diptera) by Tachydromia minuta Meigen. Bull. Ent. Res. 16: 95-7.

Whitfield, J.B. 1990. Parasitoids, polydnaviruses and endosymbiosis. Parasitology Today, 6: 381-384.

Whitham, T. G. 1983. Host manipulation by parasites: within-plant variation as a defense against rapidly evolving pests. p. 15-42. In: R. F. Denno & M. S. McClure (eds.), Variable Plants and Herbivores in Natural and Managed Systems. Academic Press, New York.

Whitham, T. G., A. G. Williams & A. M. Robinson. 1984. The variation principal, individual plants as temporal and spatial mosaics of resistance to rapidly evolving pests. p. 15-51. In: P. W. Price, C. N. Slobodchikoff & W. S. Gaud (eds.), A New Ecology--Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Whiting, A. R. 1934. Eye colours in the parasitic wasp Habrobracon and their behaviour in multiple recessives and in mosaics. J. Genetics 29: 99-107.

Whiting, A. R. 1940. American Naturalist 74: 468-71.

Whiting, A. R. 1967. The biology of the parasitic wasp, Mormoniella vitripennis (Nasonia brevicornis) (Walker). Quart. Rev. Biol. 42: 333-406.

Whiting, P. W. 1921. Heredity in wasps. A study in a parthenogenetic insect, the parasitic wasp, Habrobracon. J. Hered. 12: 262-66.

Whiting, P. W. 1924. Some anomalies in Habrobracon and their bearing on maturation, fertilization and cleavage. Anat. Rec. 29: 146.

Whiting, P. W. 1933a. Sex determination in Hymenoptera. The Collecting Net, Woods Hole 8: 113-21, 122.

Whiting, P. W. 1933b. Selective fertilization and sex determination in Hymenoptera. Science 78: 537-38.

Whiting, P. W. 1935a. Sex determination in bees and wasps. J. Heredity 26: 263-78.

Whiting, P. W. 1935b. Sex determination in bees and wasps. Quart Rev. Biol. 20: 231-60.

Whiting, P. W. 1943. Multiple alleles in complementary sex determination of Habrobracon. Genetics 28: 365-82.

Whiting, P. W. 1945. The evolution of male haploidy. Quart. Rev. Biol. 20: 231-60.

Whiting, P. W. 1956. Duplication at the R locus in Mormoniella. Genetics 41: 666.

Whiting, P. W. 1959. Chromosome assortment in oogenesis in triploid Mormoniella females. Assoc. S.E. Biol. Bull. 6: 34.

Whiting, P. W. 1960a. Polyploidy in Mormoniella. Genetics 45: 949-70.

Whiting, P. W. 1960b. Unstable OR-locus mutations in Mormoniella. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 34: 243-49.

Whiting, P. W. , R. J. Greb & B. R. Speicher. 1934. A new type of sex intergrade. Biol. Bull. 66: 158-65.

Whitlock, R. 1966. The alternatives to toxic chemicals. Agr. Merchant 46(5): 66-8.

Whitney, D. 1966. Sterile flies used to combat Dacus-enemy of olives subjected to radioisotope technique. Nat. Hist., New York 75: 30-5.

Whittaker,J.B. 1973. Density regulation in a population of Philaenus spumaHus(L.) (Homoptera: Cercopidae). J. Animal Ecology, 42: 163-172.

Whittaker, R. H. 1965. Dominance and diversity in land plant communities. Numerical relations of species express the importance of competition in community function and evolution. Science 147(3655): 250-60.

Whittaker, R. H. 1970. Communities and Ecosystems. MacMillan Publ., New York.

Whitten, M. J. 1969. Automated sexing of pupae and its usefulness in control by sterile insects. J. Econ. Ent. 62: 272-73.

Whitten, M. J. 1970. Genetics of pests in their management, p. 119-37. In: C. L. Rabb & F. E. Guthrie (eds.), "Concepts of Pest Management." North Carolina St. Univ. Press.

Whitten, M. J. 1971a. Use of chromosome rearrangements for mosquito control, p. 399-413. In: Sterility Principle for Insect Control or Eradication. Intern. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.

Whitten, M. J. 1971b. Insect control by genetic manipulation of natural populations. Science 171: 682-84.

Whitten, M. J. 1989. The relevance of molecular biology to pure and applied entomology. Ent. Exp. Appl. 53: 1-16.

Whitten, M. J. & G. G. Foster. 1975. Genetical methods of pest control. Annu. Rev. Ent. 20: 461-76.

Whitten, M. J. & M. J. Hoy. 1999. Genetic improvement and other genetic considerations for improving the efficacy and success rate of biological control. In: T. S. Bellows & T. W. Fisher (eds.), Chapter 12, p. 271-295, Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, New York. 1046 p.

Whitten, M. J. & J. A. McKenzie. 1982. The genetic basis for pesticide resistance. In: K. E. Lee (ed.), Proc. 3rd Australasian Conf. Grassl. Invert. Ecol., Adelaide 30 Nov. - 4 Dec., 1981. S. A. Govt Printer, Adelaide 1982.

Whitten, M. J. & K. R. Norris. 1967. "Booby-trapping" as an alternative to sterile males for insect control. Nature (London) 216: 1136.

Whitten, M. J. & W. C. Taylor. 1970. A role for sterile females in insect control. J. Econ. Ent. 63: 269-72.

Whitten, M. J., G. G. Foster & R. L. Kitching. 1973. The incorporation of laboratory-reared genetic material into a field population of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Canad. Ent. 105: 893-901.

Whitten, R. R. & R. U. Swingle. 1964. The Dutch elm disease and its control. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Inform. Bull. 193.

Whorton, J. 1974. Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America. Princeton Univ., Princeton.

<WI.REF>

Wäckers, F.L. 2003. The parasitoids’ need for sweets: sugars in mass rearing and biological control; In Quality control and production of biological control agents: Theory and testing procedures; van Lenteren, J.C., Ed.; CABI Publishing: Wallingford 59-72

Wiackowska, I. 1963. Preliminary studies on predacious flies [Diptera, Syrphidae] in Skierniewice orchards. Prace Instytutu Sadownictwa 7: 227-31. [in Polish].

Wiackowska, I. 1965. Utilisation of Trichogramma cacoeciae March. [Hym. Trichogrammatidae] in control of the plum moth [Lep. Tortricidae] depending on the numbers used and time of introduction. Entomophaga 10: 151-8.

Wiackowski, S. K. 1962. Studies on the biology and ecology of Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a parasite of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.) (Homoptera, Aphididae). Polskie Pismo Ent. 32: 253-310.

Wiackowski, S. 1963a. Introduction and acclimatization of foreign entomophagous insects in biological methods of plant protection. Sylwan 107: 77-84. [in Polish].

Wiachowski, S. 1963b. Trichogramma-Produktion, Probleme und Wege zu ihrer Realisierung. Ochrona Roslin, Warszawa 7(6): 7-9. [in Polish].

Wiackowski, S. K. 1963c. Most important directions in biological plant protection in the Soviet Union. Postepy nauk roln., No. 6(84): 101-8. [in Polish].

Wiachowski, S. K. 1964a. Braconidae. Zesz. Problemowe Postepów Nauk Rolniczych, Warszawa, zesz. 45: 151-7. [in Polish].

Wiachowski, S. K. 1964b. Raubmilben der Familie Phytoseiidae. Zesz. Problemowe Postepów Nauk Rolniczych, Warszawa, zesz. 45: 65-7. [in Polish].

Wiackowski, S. K. 1965. Studies on the possibility of biological control of aphid and scale insects and the effects of pesticides on the natural enemies of these pests. Inst. Pomol., Lab. Biol. Contr., Skierniewice. 176 p.

Wiackowski, S. K. & J. Czapski. 1965. Trials with labelling Trichogramma cacoeciae March. [Hym., Trichogrammatidae] with radio-active phosphorus. Prace Inst. Sadow. Skierniewice 9: 281-4. [in Polish].

Wiackowski, S. K. & K. Dronka. 1966. From laboratory investigations on Chrysopa carnea Steph. [Neuropt., Chrysopidae]. Polskie Pismo Ent., Ser. B. Ent. Stosow. 1-2(41-42): 75-80. [in Polish].

Wiackowski, S. K. & W. Poniedzialek. 1965. Microbiological and chemical control of the ermine moth (Hyponomeuta malinella Z., Lep., Hyponomeutidae). Prace Inst. Sadow. Skierniewice 9: 285-92. [In Polish}.

Wiackowski, S. K. & Z. W. Suski. 1963. Preliminary investigations on the predacious mites [Acarina, Phytoseiidae] in Poland. Prace Instytutu Sadownictwa 7: 233-7. [in Polish].

Wiackowski, S. K. & I. Wiackowska. 1963a. Biological control of the plum moth Laspeyresia funebrana Tr. [Lepidoptera, Tortricidae] by means of the egg parasite Trichogramma cacoeciae March. [Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae]. Part I. Approach to the problem. Effect of Trichogramma cacoeciae March. on the first generation of the pest. Ekol. Polska 11: 547-55.

Wiackowski, S. K. & I. Wiackowska. 1963b. Practical application of the parasitic wasp Trichogramma. Owoce Warzywa i Kwiaty 3(11): 4-6. [in Polish].

Wiackowski, S. K. & I. Wiackowska. 1963c. Biologische Bekämpfung der Pflaumenmotte mit Hilfe des Eiparasiten Trichogramma cacoeciae March. in Gärten Polens. Sbornik: 5. soveš…. Vses. ent. obš…. 1963. Akad. nauk SSSR. p. 80-1. [in Russian].

Wiackowski, S. K. & I. Wiackowska. 1966. Biological, microbiological and chemical control of the plum moth Laspeyresia funebrana Tr. [Lep. Tortricidae] in Poland. Entomophaga 11: 261-8.

Wiackowski, S. K., I. Wiackowska, J. Crumpacker & J. Kot. 1964. Biological control of the plum moth-- Laspeyresia funebrana Tr. [Lep. Tortricidae] by means of the egg parasite-- Trichogramma cacoeciae March. [Hym. Trichogrammatidae]. Part 3. The influence of the parasite on the second pest generation with simultaneous comparison of the influence of the pesticides applied against plum moth in Poland. Prace Instytutu Sadownictwa 8: 269-86. [in Polish].

Wichmann, H. E. 1924. [The importance of elaterid larvae in forests]. Wiener Allg. Forst.-u. Jagdztg. 42: 42 p.

Wicht, M. C., Jr. & S. B. Hays. 1967. Effect of reserpine on reproduction of the house fly. J. Econ. Ent. 60: 36-8.

Wickham, F. H. 1894. On some aquatic larvae, with notice of their parasites. Canad. Ent. 26: 39-41.

Wickman, B. E. 1964. Observations on the siricid parasite Ibalia ensiger [Hymenoptera: Ibalidae]. Pan Pacific Ent. 40: 19-20.

Wickremasinghe, M. G. V. and H. F. van Emden. 1992. Reactions of adult female parasitoids, particularly Aphidius rhopalosaphi, to volatile chemical cues from the host plants of their aphid prey. Physiological Entomol., 17: 297-304.

Wiedemann, C. R. W. 1824. Munus rectoris in Acadamia Christiana Albertina aditurus Analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniesi maxime congesta profert inconibusque illustrat. 60 p. Kiel.

Wiedemann, R. N. & R. J. O'Neil. 1990. Response of Nabis roseipennis [Heteroptera: Nabidae] to larvae of Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestris [Col.: Coccinellidae]. Entomophaga 35: 449-58.

Wiegand, H. 1963. Raupengrösse und Dosierung von Bacillus thuringiensis Präparaten. Entomophaga 8: 35-.

Wiegert, R. G. & C. E. Petersen. 1983. Energy transfer in insects. Annu. Rev. Ent. 28: 455-86.

Wiehe, P. O. 1946. The control of Cordia macrostachya (Jacq.) Reem. and Schult. (Herbe Conde). In: Report of a visito to Trinidad, Louisiana and Other Countries. Govt. Printing Off., Mauritius. 11-43.

Wiehe, P. O. 1960. Notes on the present ecological status of Cordia macrostachya in Mauritius. Bull. Ent. Res. 51: 132-33.

Wierenga, M. E. 1971. What is being done by the pesticide chemical industry, p. 130-32. In: J. E. Swift (ed.), Agricultural Chemicals-- Harmony or Discord for Food, People and Environment. Univ. Calif. Div. Agri. Sci., Berkeley, CA.

Wieres, R. W., F. J. McNicholas & G. L. Smith. 1979. Integrated mite control in Hudson and Champlain Valley apple orchards. Search Agr. 9: 1-11.

Wieres, R. W., J. R. Leeper, W. H. Ressig & S. E. Lienk. 1982. Toxicity of several insecticides to the spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasite, Apanteles ornigis. J. Econ. Ent. 75: 680-84.

Wiesmann, R. 1955. [Investigations on the predators of the insect pests of cotton in Egypt in the year 1951-52. Acta Trop. 12(3): 222-39. [in German w/ French & English summaries].

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1929. Delayed metamorphosis in a predacious mosquito larva and a possible practical application. Nature 123: 17.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1931. Respiration. Biol. Rev. 6: 181-220.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1935. Functions of the corpus allatum of insects. Nature 136: 338-39.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1936. The function of the corpus allatum in the growth and reproduction of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera). Quart. J. Microscience 79: 91-121.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1939. The Principles of Insect Physiology. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., New York. 434 p.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1945. DDT and the balance of nature. Atl. Mon. 176: 107.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1948a. Functions of the corpus allatum in Rhodnius prolixus. J. Exptal. Biol. 25: 1-15.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1948b. The hormonal regulation of growth and reproduction in insects. Adv. in Insect Physiol. 2: 247-336.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1954. The Physiology of Insect Metamorphosis. Cambridge Monographs in Experimental Biology No. I. Cambridge Univ. Press. 152 p.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1965. The Principles of Insect Physiology, 6th ed. Methuen, London. 741 p.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1970. Insect Hormones. Oliver & Boyd, R. & R. Clark, Edinburgh.

Wight, D. P., Jr. 1985. Spodoptera eridania, pp. 459-464. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Wilbert, H. 1960. Apanteles pieridis (Bouche) (Hym. Braconidae) ein Parasit von Aporia crataegi (L.) (Lep. Pieridae). Entomophaga 5: 183-.

Wilbert, H. 1964. Das Ausleseverhalten von Aphelinus semiflavus Howard und die Absehrreaktionen seiner Wirte (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Beitr. Ent. 14: 159-221.

Wilbert, H. 1967. Mechanische und physiologische Absehrreaktionen einiger Blattlausarten [Aphididae] gegen Schlupfwespen (Hymenoptera). Entomophaga 12: 127-37.

Wilbert, H. 1972. Der Einfluss der Beutedichte auf die Sterblichkeit der Larven von Aphidoletes aphidmyza (Rond.) (Cecidomyiidae). Z. angew. Ent. 70: