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   VIRGINIA
  PRE-COLUMBIAN ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE   Adam Arkfeld [ Contact
  ]   Please
  CLICK on Underlined Categories for details and Photos to enlarge.        Depress Ctrl/F for subject search.   
              
  Investigations of an archaeological site along the Opequon Creek in the Northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia
  since 2012 points to the presence of ancient Scythian colonists.  Significant amounts of iron slag and refractories
  are present. (see Radiocarbon Report #1
  & #2). Also recovered are cast iron artifacts (Fig.
  9).  The metallurgy here was quite
  advanced.  As unlikely as it seems,
  slags found suggest aluminum production. 
  One at first is very skeptical, as it seems far too advanced for the
  time period.  However, then there was
  the discovery of a piece of aircraft aluminum that has been sculpted into a
  profile (Fig. 2 ).  (Enki perhaps).  It was recovered at a depth in association with stone
  artifacts.  Another large piece has been
  recovered since (Fig. 3).  See vimana craft with tail rudder on upper
  right (Fig. ???).                
  An advanced
  blast furnace was operating in the area circa 150 AD. (Fig. 9)  Remnants of the milldam and deep race
  channels are readily observable (Fig. ?). 
  C14 results bracket the TL date (Pdf 1,
  Pdf 2). 
  Not only was evidence uncovered of advanced metallurgy but also fired
  brick was manufactured in great quantities during the same period (Fig. 21). TL results from the brick are in process of
  determination.  Evidence indicates
  that a step mound was faced with glazed brick pavers (Fig.
  20).  There are virtually tons of
  2000-year-old brick in situ. (Fig. 21).  The University of Washington dated the
  furnace wall sample 150 AD.  There is proof
  that smelting was occurring here on an industrial scale using an anthracite
  fired blast furnace.  Sections of the
  milldam are still existent. Significant earth works created to channel the
  millrace are still apparent. 
  Anthracite has been found in association with the furnace. C14 testing
  of the slag confirms fossil fuel use. 
  Two different samples tested by Beta Labs, both produced infinite
  dates.  Anthracite is the only coal
  suitable for smelting.  Geological
  maps show that east coast anthracite beds accessible by water are
  limited.  The most accessible mine
  from the Chesapeake is the Meadow Branch Mine in West Virginia, and 20 miles
  west of the furnace site.  The archeological
  site is the closest one can get to the mine where a mill could be constructed
  and there is a navigable water route to the Potomac
  River.  The fuel was
  crucial to their metallurgy, which would explain why this location was
  chosen. A two-pound pig bar is shown on the cover of Fig. 19.             
  Fig. 23  & Fig. 24  show the original farmhouse built circa
  1790.  When the settlers arrived they
  found this hillside already terraced. Like many other examples across the
  globe, existing building sites are reused. 
  The materials removed by the settlers when digging out the cellar and
  foundations were dumped as fill in a nearby gully. Likely, the brick and
  stone artifacts removed were considered "Native American
  junk".  Fig. 22 shows a section of the
  same step mound that has eroded and revealed the pavers.  Of course some are quick to label the
  brick as "colonial".  But
  there is a lack of mortar, and it is undoubtedly not a colonial dry stacked
  brick structure.  Additionally, there
  are no historic brick structures on this farm or any of the surrounding
  properties.  Fig. 21 shows a brick mosaic.  The colonial debris layer was well above
  the brick. The uncovered brick quickly began to disintegrate with
  exposure.  The ones not glazed have
  fallen to pieces.  The magazine cover
  (Fig. 20) has the site
  erroneously located in West Virginia as it is in Virginia, a mile south of
  the West Virginia border.   Table 1  On Site Artifacts    
     
     
     
              
  This mattock was recovered within 10 feet of the cast iron
  profile.  Both of these artifacts were
  submerged and preserved in mud and sand. The water has a high mineral
  concentration.  Both have been sealed
  because exposure began deteriorating them rapidly.  The wood remaining in the socket of the mattock is
  petrified.  There is little doubt of
  the antiquity of an iron mask as the profile matches many others in the
  collection that are made of stone. The mattock is made of the same metal and
  shows identical patination/oxidation. 
  It can be surmised that both items are from the same time period.  Assuming that organic material is still
  present, the wood remaining in the socket makes that mattock an ideal iron
  artifact to test and date.            
  Most recognize the limestone sculpture in Figure 7 as an Anubis
  bust.  On learning that it is from
  Virginia, an observer's vision becomes fuzzy and denial sets in.  The iron-embalming knives (Fig.
  9) cause a similar reaction. 
  Found were clay and stone Horus hawks, Osiris, Thoth... almost the
  whole pantheon.  Many Baal figurines
  (and his signature as well (Table 6).  There is no lack of Scythian characters,
  tall pointed hats abound (Fig. ?). 
  The stone mounds here are interlaced with logs, consistent with Kurgan
  design.    Table 2  Anabis & Carving Tools   
                
  The Sumerians were
  probably the only culture with knowledge to make an accurate planetary chart
  (Fig. 13).  This example was recovered adjacent to a
  stream in an aqueous environment.  The
  etched circles on the back of a bison) bull (Fig. 12) have been permeated
  with white calcite.   Table 3  Planetary
  Chart & Bison Bulls   
     Table 4.  Human & Animal Images   
   
   
   
   
   Table 5  Stone
  Carvings Awaiting Description             
     Table 6 -- Space Shuttle (similarities)     = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =   Table 7 -- Photos
  From Literature   
     
       Wilson, Charles A. and A. A. Field.  2017. The Arkfeld
  site Iron Smelting Virginia 150 AD.: Discoveries Along the
  Opequon Creek.  Ancient
  American.  2017.  Archeology of The Americas Before
  Columbus.  Vol. 21 (114).   Anthony,
  David W. (July 26, 2010). The Horse,
  the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes
  Shaped the Modern World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 1-4008-3110-5. Retrieved January 18, 2015.   Baumer,
  Christoph (December 12, 2012). The
  History of Central Asia: The Age of the Steppe Warriors. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1-78076-060-4. Retrieved January 18, 2015.   Beckwith, Christopher I. (March 16, 2009). Empires of
  the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the
  Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 1-4008-2994-1. Retrieved December 30, 2014.   Bertman,
  S.  (2014).  Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia.  Oxford Univ. Press.   Boardman, John; Edwards,
  I. E. S. (1991). The
  Cambridge Ancient History. Volume 3. Part 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22717-8. Retrieved March 2, 2015.   Bonfante,
  Larissa (2011). "The Scythians: Between Mobility, Tomb Architecture, and
  Early Urban Structures". The Barbarians of Ancient Europe: Realities and Interactions. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19404-4.   Davis-Kimball,
  Jeannine (1995). "The Scythians in southeastern Europe". Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the early Iron Age (PDF). Zinat press. ISBN 1-885979-00-2.   Day,
  John V. (2001). Indo-European origins: the anthropological evidence. Institute for the Study of Man. ISBN 0-941694-75-5. Retrieved March 2, 2015.   Drews,
  Robert (2004). Early Riders: The Beginnings of Mounted Warfare in Asia and
  Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-07107-6.   Durant,
  W.  1954.  (1954).  Our Oriental
  Heritage.  Simon & Schuster Publ.  1052 pp.   Ivantchik,
  Askold (2018). "SCYTHIANS". Encyclopaedia
  Iranica.   Kramer,
  S. N.  (1971).  The Sumerians.  Univ. of Chicago Press. 
  372 pp.   Kramer,
  S. N.  (1988).  History Begins at Sumer.  Univ. of Pennsylvania Press.  416 pp.   Kriwaczek,
  P.  (2014).  Babylon. 
  Thomas Dunne Books.     Leick,
  G.  (2010).  The A to Z of Mesopotamia. 
  Scarecrow Press.   Podany,
  A. H.  (2013).  The Ancient Near East.  Oxford Univ. Press.  168 pp.   Sinor,
  Denis (1990). The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.   Sulimirski,
  T (1985). "Chapter 4: The Scyths". In Gershevitch, Ilya. The
  Cambridge History of Iran. 2.
  Azargoshnasp.net. pp. 149–99   Szemerényi, Oswald (1980). Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian –
  Saka (PDF). Veröffentlichungen
  der iranischen Kommission Band 9. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie
  der Wissenschaften; azargoshnap.net.   Waldman,
  Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia
  of European Peoples. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 1-4381-2918-1. Retrieved January 16, 2015.   West, Barbara A. (January 1, 2009). Encyclopedia
  of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 1-4381-1913-5. Retrieved January 18, 2015.    |